Julius Friedrich August Bahnsen (30 March 1830 – 7 December 1881) was a German philosopher. Bahnsen is usually considered the originator of characterology and a real-dialectical method of philosophical reflection which he laid down in his two-volume Contributions to Characterology (1867) and developed forth with his following works, amongst others his magnum opusThe Contradiction in the Knowledge and Being of the World (1880/82).
^Beiser, Frederick C., Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 246.
^Beiser, Frederick C., Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 230.
^Beiser, Frederick C., Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 229.
^Harry Slochower, Julius Bahnsen, Philosopher of Heroic Despair, 1830-1881, The Philosophical Review Vol. 41, No. 4 (Jul., 1932), pp. 368-384
^Beiser, Frederick C., Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 263.
^Harry Slochower, Julius Bahnsen, Philosopher of Heroic Despair, 1830-1881, The Philosophical Review Vol. 41, No. 4 (Jul., 1932), pp. 368-384
^Beiser, Frederick C., Weltschmerz: Pessimism in German Philosophy, 1860-1900, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 233.
^Brobjer, Thomas. Nietzsche's Philosophical Context: An Intellectual Biography. University of Illinois Press, 2008. pp. 39, 48, 55, 140.
^Jensen, Anthony. Julius Bahnsen's Influence on Nietzsche's Wills-Theory. Journal of Nietzsche Studies Vol. 47, No. 1 (Spring 2016). pp. 101–118.