Junk (ship)

This article is about the history of the sailing vessel in China. For developments and sailing techniques, see Junk rig. For the Javanese ship, see Djong (ship). For other Southeast Asian vessels, see Joanga.
Junks in Guangzhou, photograph c. 1880 by Lai Afong

A junk (Chinese: 船; pinyin: chuán) is a type of Chinese sailing ship characterized by a central rudder, an overhanging flat transom, watertight bulkheads, and a flat-bottomed design.[1][2] They are also characteristically built using iron nails and clamps.[1] The term applies to many types of small coastal or river ships, usually serving as cargo ships, pleasure boats, or houseboats, but also ranging in size up to large ocean-going vessels. There can be significant regional variations in the type of rig and the layout of the vessel.

Chinese junks were originally only fluvial and had square sails, but by the Song Dynasty (c. 960 to 1279), they adopted ocean-going technologies acquired from Southeast Asian k'un-lun po trade ships. Tanja sails and fully-battened junk rigs were introduced to Chinese junks by the 12th century CE.[1][2]

Similar designs to the Chinese junk were also adopted by other East Asian countries, most notably Japan, where junks were used as merchant ships to trade goods with China and Southeast Asia.[3]

  1. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference Manguin1980 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b L. Pham, Charlotte Minh-Hà (2012). Asian Shipbuilding Technology. Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-92-9223-413-3. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  3. ^ Crossley, Pamela Kyle, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, Lyman L. Johnson, and David Northrup. "Song Dynasty." The Earth and Its Peoples. By Richard W. Bulliet. 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. 279–80. Print.