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In the statistical mechanics of quantum mechanical systems and quantum field theory, the properties of a system in thermal equilibrium can be described by a mathematical object called a Kubo–Martin–Schwinger (KMS) state: a state satisfying the KMS condition.
Ryogo Kubo introduced the condition in 1957,[1] Paul C. Martin and Julian Schwinger used it in 1959 to define thermodynamic Green's functions,[2] and Rudolf Haag, Marinus Winnink and Nico Hugenholtz used the condition in 1967 to define equilibrium states and called it the KMS condition.[3]
- ^ Kubo, R. (1957), "Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes. I. General Theory and Simple Applications to Magnetic and Conduction Problems", Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 12 (6): 570–586, Bibcode:1957JPSJ...12..570K, doi:10.1143/JPSJ.12.570
- ^ Martin, Paul C.; Schwinger, Julian (1959), "Theory of Many-Particle Systems. I", Physical Review, 115 (6): 1342–1373, Bibcode:1959PhRv..115.1342M, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.115.1342
- ^ Haag, Rudolf; Winnink, M.; Hugenholtz, N. M. (1967), "On the equilibrium states in quantum statistical mechanics", Communications in Mathematical Physics, 5 (3): 215–236, Bibcode:1967CMaPh...5..215H, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.460.6413, doi:10.1007/BF01646342, ISSN 0010-3616, MR 0219283, S2CID 120899390