Karafuto Prefecture (樺太庁 Karafuto-chō), commonly called South Sakhalin, was the Japanese administrative division corresponding to Japanese territory on southern Sakhalin island from 1905 to 1945.
Karafuto may also refer to:
- Karafuto, a Japanese name of Sakhalin, now an island in Russia
- Karafuto Fortress, the defensive unit formed by the Karafuto fortification installations, and the Karafuto detachment of Japanese forces in Karafuto Prefecture
- Karafuto Shrine, a Shinto shrine in Toyohara, Karafuto Prefecture