A variant of the category of French drip coffee pots is the group of so-called Bohemian coffee pots,[1][2] manual zero-bypass flat bottom coffee makers made out of porcelain only, including Karlsbad coffee makers (1878),[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][nb 1] Bayreuth coffee makers (2007),[11][10][12][nb 2] the Walküre cup filter (2010)[13][12]: 128 and the Walküre aroma-pot (2015).[14][15][16][12][17][nb 3] In contrast to French drip coffee pots, they all use a special double-layered conically cross-slitted strainer made from through-glazed porcelain[1][18][19][10] as well as a water spreader with six (or, in the larger models, more) large round holes[nb 4] to ensure an even water distribution and reduce the agitation of the coffee bed, a method sometimes also called cake filtration. In particular before World War I, but still up to the advent of the Espresso machine in the 1950s, they were very popular in the Viennese coffee house culture.[20][21][22][23][24][25] The special kind of drip coffee they produce is called a Karlsbader ('Karlsbad coffee').[18][26][25][27][nb 5] In Vienna, the Kleiner Schwarzer (confusingly also called Mokka or Piccolo), a black coffee without milk or sugar, was often prepared in Karlsbad coffee makers as well,[22] hence they were sometimes incorrectly also called Vienna coffee-making machines.[1][2][8][nb 6] Karlsbad coffee makers are experiencing a renaissance since about the millennium as part of the so-called third-wave of coffee.[28][10][29] They are also used in restaurants and by connoisseurs, coffee sommeliers, coffee roasters and in coffee tasting laboratories.[30][28][10][29]
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