King of the Slavs

King of the Slavs (Latin: rex Sclavorum, Sclavorum rex) was a title denoting some Slavic rulers, as well as Germanic rulers that conquered Slavs, in the Middle Ages in European sources, such as Papal correspondence.

Papal use is bolded.

Slavic

Samo, ruler of Samo's Empire and the "Slavs" (623–658); in the Frankish Annals
Drogoviz, ruler of the Veleti (789); in Annales Mettenses priores in c. 805^[1]
Trpimir I, ruler of Duchy of Croatia (845–864); erroneously by Gottschalk in the 840s^[2]
Svatopluk I of Moravia, ruler of Great Moravia (870–894); by Pope Stephen V in 885^[3]
Michael, ruler of Zachlumia (913–926); erroneously in the Annales Barenses^[4]
Mihailo Vojislavljević, ruler of Duklja (1050–1081); by Pope Gregory VII in 1077^[5]
Constantine Bodin (Bodin Vojislavljević), ruler of Duklja (1081–1101); by the chronicle of Orderic Vitalis, relating to events of 1096^[6]
Stefan Dragutin, ruler of Kingdom of Serbia (1276–1282) and Syrmia (Realm of Stefan Dragutin; 1282–1316); by Pope Nicholas IV in 1288^[7]

Non-Slavic

Canute Lavard, Danish prince (1120–1131); by Abbott Wilhelm after 1129^[8]
Canute VI, King of Denmark; by himself in 1185, after a conquest of Pomerania^[9]

^ Adalbert-Stifter-Verein (Munich, Germany) (1961). Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Abteilung. Edmund Gans Verlag. p. 26.
^ John V. A. Fine (5 February 2010). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. University of Michigan Press. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-0-472-02560-2.
^ Maddalena Betti (24 October 2013). The Making of Christian Moravia (858-882): Papal Power and Political Reality. BRILL. pp. 189–. ISBN 978-90-04-26008-5.
^ Armin Pavić (1906). Postanje Gundulićeva Osmana i glávâ 29-36 u Porfirogenitovoj De adm. imp. Tisak Kr. zemaljske tiskare. p. 62.
^ Ćirković 2004, p. 26.
^ Jireček 1911, p. 241.
^ Concise Dictionary of Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante. Ardent Media. 1968. pp. 566–. GGKEY:P53U8KC8WZR. Addressed (in 1288) by Pope Nicholas IV as 'Rex Sclavorum'; he signed himself (in 1305 or 1307) in a document still extant in the Venetian archives as ' Stephanus Urosch Rex Serbicarum terrarum et maritimarum '. a [Stefano Urosio.] ...
^ Christian Raffensperger (12 March 2012). Reimagining Europe: Kievan Rus' in the Medieval World. Harvard University Press. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-0-674-06546-8.
^ "Canute VI | Viking ruler, Danish monarch | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 February 2024.

[1] Adalbert-Stifter-Verein (Munich, Germany) (1961). Veröffentlichungen der Wissenschaftlichen Abteilung. Edmund Gans Verlag. p. 26.

[Fine2010-2] John V. A. Fine (5 February 2010). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. University of Michigan Press. pp. 36–. ISBN 978-0-472-02560-2.

[Betti2013-3] Maddalena Betti (24 October 2013). The Making of Christian Moravia (858-882): Papal Power and Political Reality. BRILL. pp. 189–. ISBN 978-90-04-26008-5.

[Pavić1906-4] Armin Pavić (1906). Postanje Gundulićeva Osmana i glávâ 29-36 u Porfirogenitovoj De adm. imp. Tisak Kr. zemaljske tiskare. p. 62.

[FOOTNOTEĆirković200426-5] Ćirković 2004, p. 26.

[FOOTNOTEJireček1911241-6] Jireček 1911, p. 241.

[7] Concise Dictionary of Proper Names and Notable Matters in the Works of Dante. Ardent Media. 1968. pp. 566–. GGKEY:P53U8KC8WZR. Addressed (in 1288) by Pope Nicholas IV as 'Rex Sclavorum'; he signed himself (in 1305 or 1307) in a document still extant in the Venetian archives as ' Stephanus Urosch Rex Serbicarum terrarum et maritimarum '. a [Stefano Urosio.] ...

[Raffensperger2012-8] Christian Raffensperger (12 March 2012). Reimagining Europe: Kievan Rus' in the Medieval World. Harvard University Press. pp. 103–. ISBN 978-0-674-06546-8.

[:0-9] "Canute VI | Viking ruler, Danish monarch | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 February 2024.

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