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Locations of pre-colonial principalities, polities, kingdoms and sultanates in the Philippine archipelago
The Kingdom of Kumalarang or "古麻剌朗" in ancient Chinese texts, is a prehispanic Filipino and Yakan kingdom located on what is now the northwestern coast of Basilan island stretching until the Municipality of Kumalarang at the Zamboanga Peninsula, both places being named after Kumalarang.[1][need quotation to verify]
Kumalarang is listed in the Ming Shilu (the imperial annals of the emperors of the Ming dynasty) among other kingdoms in Insular Southeast Asia (e.g. Malacca, Brunei, Sulu) as a polity that was conferred an imperial seal by the Ming Emperor in the mid-15th century.[2]
- ^ Scott, William (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials: For the Study of Philippine History (revised ed.). Quezon City: New Day Publishers. p. 66. ISBN 9711002264.
- ^ Gallop, Annabel Teh (2016). "The Early Use of Seals in the Malay World". Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient. 102: 125–163.