Kingdom of Pergamon

Kingdom of Pergamon
approx. 282 BC–129 BC
Pergamon in 188 BC
Pergamon in 188 BC
CapitalPergamon
(modern-day Bergama, İzmir, Turkey)
Common languagesGreek
Lycian, Carian, Lydian
Religion
Greek Polytheism, Hellenistic Religion
GovernmentMonarchy
Basileus 
• 282–263 BC
Philetaerus
• 263–241 BC
Eumenes I
• 241–197 BC
Attalus I
• 197–159 BC
Eumenes II
• 160–138 BC
Attalus II
• 138–133 BC
Attalus III
• 133–129 BC
Eumenes III
Historical eraHellenistic period
• Philetaerus takes control of the city of Pergamon
approx. 282 BC
• Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic
133 BC
• Incorporated into Roman province of Asia after the defeat of Eumenes III Aristonicus
129 BC
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Seleucid Empire
Lysimachian Empire
Roman Republic
Theatre of Pergamon, one of the steepest theatres in the world, has a capacity of 10,000 people and was constructed in the 3rd century BC.

The Kingdom of Pergamon, Pergamene Kingdom, or Attalid kingdom was a Greek state during the Hellenistic period that ruled much of the Western part of Asia Minor from its capital city of Pergamon. It was ruled by the Attalid dynasty (/ˈætəlɪd/; Greek: Δυναστεία των Ατταλιδών, romanized: Dynasteía ton Attalidón).

The kingdom was a rump state that was created from the territory ruled by Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. Philetaerus, one of Lysimachus' lieutenants, rebelled and took the city of Pergamon and its environs with him; Lysimachus died soon after in 281 BC. The new kingdom was initially in a vassal-like relationship of nominal fealty to the Seleucid Empire, but exercised considerable autonomy and soon became entirely independent. It was a monarchy ruled by Philetaerus's extended family and their descendants. It lasted around 150 years before being eventually absorbed by the Roman Republic during the period from 133–129 BC.