Korean Chinese

For broader coverage of this topic, see Koreans in China.
Not to be confused with Chinese Korean.
Chaoxianzu / Korean Chinese
中国朝鲜族 (朝鲜族)
조선족 (Joseonjok)[1][2][3][4]
Location of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County
Total population
1,702,479–1,893,763 (2023)[5][6][7]
Regions with significant populations
Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Shandong peninsula, Beijing and other Chinese cities
Languages
Korean
Chinese languages
Religion
Mahayana Buddhism[8] · Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Koreans

Korean Chinese, also called Chaoxianzu[9] (Chinese: 朝鲜族; Korean: 조선족; RR: Joseonjok), is the Korean (Joseon) ethnic minority group in China. They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups by the Government of China and the Chinese Communist Party. They account for the vast majority of ethnic Koreans in China.

Chaoxianzu are Chinese nationals mostly born in China. "Chaoxianzu" is an official term used in China[10][11] and occasionally globally.[12][13]

The number of Koreans migrating from the Korean Peninsula to Manchuria increased significantly in the late 19th century and early 20th century, forming their own communities, especially in the Yanbian region.[14]

Consequently, Korean Chinese have a dual identity: a national identity as Chinese and a cultural identity as ethnic Koreans. Many Korean Chinese, educated under the Chinese Communist Party's education system, often view the Korean War as the 'War to Resist America and Aid Korea,' reflecting a Chinese perspective."[15]

They are descendants of Koreans who migrated to China primarily between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries and hold Chinese nationality. Chaoxianzu refers only to the descendants of the Joseon ethnic group who legally hold Chinese nationality.[16] The Republic of Korea calls them compatriots with Chinese nationality (Korean: 중국국적동포; Chinese: 中国国籍同胞).[17][18]

  1. ^ "Joseonjok and Goryeo Saram Ethnic Return Migrants in South Korea: Challenges of Co-Ethnic Hierarchization and Ethnonationalism". April 14, 2023.
  2. ^ Cai, Xianghua; Zhang, Donghao; Jin, Yuanying (January 22, 2024). "Understanding the Push-Pull Factors for Joseonjok (Korean-Chinese) Students Studying in South Korea". Sustainability. 16 (1): 155. doi:10.3390/su16010155.
  3. ^ "'Victimised for being Chinese': the hard lives of South Korea's Joseon-jok". South China Morning Post. May 10, 2019.
  4. ^ "Joseonjok and their evolving roles as mediators in transnational enterprises in Qingdao, China – HaeRan Shin, 2017". doi:10.1177/0117196817695809.
  5. ^ "国家统计 朝鲜族". www.cnstats.org. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  6. ^ "재외동포현황 거주자격별 중국국적동포". www.oka.go.kr. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  7. ^ According to reports from the majority of Chinese and South Korean media, the total population of the Korean ethnic group in china is 1.7 million. However, the South Korean government (2023) believes that the total population of Koreans in China is 2,109,727 people (including South Korean nationals who are students and professionals, 1.9 million people of Chaoxianzu (Korean ethnicity who has Chinese nationality), those of Korean descent who have naturalized as Chinese citizens along with their family and relatives, but are categorized as Han Chinese or other ethnicities within China's ethnic classification system). Among them, the population of Chaoxianzu and Korean Chinese with Chinese (PRC) citizenship (including 1.7 million people of Korean ethnicity) is 1,893,763 people (October 2023). Considering those individuals of Korean ethnicity who have already acquired South Korean citizenship, the figure of 2 million seems unlikely.
  8. ^ "The Korean Ethnic Group", China.org.cn, 21 June 2005, retrieved 6 February 2009
  9. ^ "朝鲜族_中华人民共和国驻印度尼西亚共和国大使馆". id.china-embassy.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  10. ^ "朝鲜族". www.zytzb.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  11. ^ "历史沿革". www.neac.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
  12. ^ Jin, Wenlian (2020). Chaoxianzu's Traditions of Dress: An Exploration of Identity Within Contemporary Fashion Contexts (Thesis). Auckland University of Technology. hdl:10292/13127.
  13. ^ Lee, Peace Bakwon (2002). A Performance Analysis of Chaoxianzu Oral Traditions in Yanbian, China (Thesis). The Ohio State University.
  14. ^ 최재헌; 김숙진 (February 2016). "중국 조선족 디아스포라의 지리적 해석 : 중국 동북3성 조선족 이주를 중심으로 :중국 동북3성 조선족 이주를 중심으로". 대한지리학회지 (in Korean). 51 (1): 167–184. ISSN 1225-6633.
  15. ^ "그래서 조선족은 한국인인가 중국인인가?". BBC News 코리아 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  16. ^ "朝鲜族". www.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  17. ^ "통계로 본 국적취득자 절반이 중국 출신...[분석] 중국동포는 얼마나 될까?". EKW이코리아월드(동포세계신문) (in Korean). 2023-02-22. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  18. ^ "This document outlines the legal procedures for ethnic Koreans, specifically those born in China before October 1, 1949, to recover their South Korean nationality. It details the conditions under which these individuals are considered to have lost their South Korean nationality upon acquiring Chinese nationality and the steps required to reacquire South Korean nationality. This includes reporting the loss of South Korean nationality and applying for its recovery. The process involves both administrative and legal steps, such as closing the existing family register and creating a new one upon approval of nationality recovery. (종합법률정보)". glaw.scourt.go.kr. Retrieved 2023-11-29.