| Moscow Kremlin | |
|---|---|
.jpg) View of the Kremlin from across the Moskva River, 2012 | |
| Location | Moscow, Russia |
| Coordinates | 55°45′6″N 37°37′4″E / 55.75167°N 37.61778°E |
| Area | 27.7 ha (0.277 km2) |
| Built | 1482–1495 |
| Official name | Kremlin and Red Square, Moscow |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, ii, iv, vi |
| Designated | 1990 (14th session) |
| Reference no. | 545 |
| Region | Eastern Europe |
  Location in Central Moscow  Location in Russia  Location in Europe | |
The Moscow Kremlin[a] or simply the Kremlin[b] is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia.[1] Located in the centre of the country's capital city, it is the best known of the kremlins (Russian citadels) and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall along with the Kremlin towers. Within the complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace, which served as the royal residence of the Emperor of Russia. It is now the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. The Kremlin overlooks the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and Alexander Garden to the west.
The name kremlin means 'fortress within a city' in Russian,[2] and is often also used metonymically in international politics to refer to the Government of the Russian Federation. Likewise, during the Cold War, it referred to the Government of the Soviet Union, which operated out of the city in the erstwhile Russian SFSR. The term "Kremlinology" is related to the metonym and refers to the study of Soviet and Russian politics.
Largely open to the public, the Kremlin offers supervised tours;[3] the accompanying Moscow Kremlin Museums reportedly attracted 1,024,610 visitors in 2023.[4]
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
- ^ Paul, Michael C. (January 2004). "The Military Revolution in Russia 1550–1682". The Journal of Military History. 68 (1): 31. doi:10.1353/jmh.2003.0401. S2CID 159954818.
- ^ "Кремль" [Kremlin]. Vasmer Etymological dictionary. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ "Moscow Kremlin Museums: VISIT US". kreml.ru. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
- ^ "The Moscow Kremlin Museums welcomed more than 1 million guests in 2023". www.kreml.ru. Retrieved 14 May 2024.