Taxonomic clade
The Kryptotrochozoa (incl. Entoprocta + Ectoprocta) are a proposed Lophotrochozoa clade. It consists of the Nemertea and Lophophorata .[ 1] [ 2] It is controversial.[ 3]
^ a b Giribet G, Dunn CW, Edgecombe GD, Hejnol A, Martindale MQ, Rouse GW. "Assembling the spiralian tree of life" . In Telford MJ, Littlewood DT (eds.). Animal Evolution — Genomes, Fossils, and Trees . pp. 52–64.
^ Luo YJ, Kanda M, Koyanagi R, Hisata K, Akiyama T, Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T, Satoh N (January 2018). "Nemertean and phoronid genomes reveal lophotrochozoan evolution and the origin of bilaterian heads" . Nature Ecology & Evolution . 2 (1): 141–151. doi :10.1038/s41559-017-0389-y . PMID 29203924 .
^ Nesnidal MP, Helmkampf M, Meyer A, Witek A, Bruchhaus I, Ebersberger I, Hankeln T, Lieb B, Struck TH, Hausdorf B (November 2013). "New phylogenomic data support the monophyly of Lophophorata and an Ectoproct-Phoronid clade and indicate that Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa are caused by systematic bias" . BMC Evolutionary Biology . 13 (1): 253. doi :10.1186/1471-2148-13-253 . PMC 4225663 . PMID 24238092 .