 | This article needs to be updated. (February 2023) |
LGBTQ rights in Chechnya | |
|---|---|
.png) Location of Chechnya (dark green) | |
| Status | homosexuality illegal since 1971 |
| Penalty | Includes corporal punishment, imprisonment, torture, execution |
| Discrimination protections | None |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | No recognition of same-sex relationships |
LGBTQ rights in Russia | |
|---|---|
_-_All_Territorial_Disputes.svg) | |
| Status | Same-sex sexual activity legal since 1993 for consenting men and not criminalised for women.[1] "Promotion" of LGBT identity illegal since 2013 (homosexuality) and 2022 (trans identity) |
| Penalty | In Chechnya: up to death since 2017[note 1] |
| Gender identity | Gender change legal between 1997 and 2023, illegal afterwards |
| Military | LGBT people can serve in the army, there are no restrictions.[4] |
| Discrimination protections | None |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | No recognition of same-sex unions |
| Restrictions | Same-sex marriage constitutionally banned since 2020[note 2] |
| Adoption | Allowed to adopt by a single person[6] |
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The rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in Chechnya have long been a cause of concern for human rights organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. As a member of the Russian Federation, Russia's LGBT laws formally apply. De facto, there are no protections for LGBT citizens, and the Chechen authorities allegedly encourage the killing of people suspected of homosexuality by their families.
Since March 2017, a violent crackdown on the LGBT community led to the abduction and detention of gay and bisexual men, who were beaten and tortured.[7][8] More than one hundred men, and possibly several hundred men, were targeted.[7] At least three,[9] and reportedly as many as 20, were beaten to death.[10] The precise number of those detained and killed is unknown.[8] A panel of expert advisors to the United Nations Human Rights Council reported in early April 2017 that: "These are acts of persecution and violence on an unprecedented scale in the region and constitute serious violations of the obligations of the Russian Federation under international human rights law."[8]
- ^ "Russia: Update to RUS13194 of 16 February 1993 on the treatment of homosexuals". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 29 February 2000. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2009.
- ^ Milashina, Elena (1 April 2017). "Murder of honor: the ambitions of a well-known LGBT activist awake a terrible ancient custom in Chechnya". Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
"Novaya Gazeta" became aware of mass detentions of residents of Chechnya in connection with their unconventional sexual orientation – or suspicion of such. At the moment, more than a hundred men have been informed of the detention. "Novaya Gazeta" knows the names of the three dead, but our sources say that there are many more victims.
- ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (1 April 2017). "Chechen Authorities Arresting and Killing Gay Men, Russian Paper Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
- ^ "Геи, гомосексулисты и армия || Комитет солдатских матерей России".
- ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (3 March 2020). "Putin Proposes Constitutional Ban on Gay Marriage". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
By including an amendment defining marriage as between a man and a woman, "they are reinventing the vote as a referendum for traditional values," said Ekaterina Schulmann, a Moscow-based political scientist.
- ^ Adoption is regulated by the Civil Procedure Code of Russia (Chapter 29); Family Code of Russia (Chapter 19); Federal Law On Acts of Civil Status (Chapter V). None of these documents contain any direct restriction or ban for homosexual people to adopt, though unmarried couples are not allowed to adopt children (Article 127.2 of the Family Code of Russia), and since same-sex marriage is not officially recognized, gay couples cannot adopt children together; nevertheless, single individuals can adopt (see also the Parent Relations section of the Russian LGBT Network 2009 Report). The Court makes the decision to allow or deny adoption considering many documents and testimonies, so it is unclear whether LGBTQ affiliation of the candidate adopter can be in fact an issue for a judge to make a negative decision.
- ^ a b Shaun Walker, Chechens tell of prison beatings and electric shocks in anti-gay purge: 'They called us animals', The Guardian (13 April 2017).
- ^ a b c Sewell Chan, U.N. Experts Condemn Killing and Torture of Gay Men in Chechnya, New York Times (13 April 2017).
- ^ Russia asked to end alleged killings of gays in Chechnya Archived 15 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (13 April 2017).
- ^ Mary Emily O'Hara, Pleas for Help From Gay Men in Chechnya on Rise, Russian Group Says, NBC News (12 April 2017).
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