Lewy body dementia

Lewy body dementia (LBD) is an umbrella term for two similar and common subtypes of dementia:[1] dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).[2][3][4][5] Both are characterized by changes in thinking, movement, behavior, and mood.[1] The two conditions have similar features and may have similar causes, and are believed to belong on a spectrum of Lewy body disease[2] that includes Parkinson's disease.[5] As of 2014, they were more often misdiagnosed than any other common dementia.[6]

The exact cause is unknown, but involves widespread deposits of abnormal clumps of protein that form in neurons of the diseased brain.[7] Known as Lewy bodies (discovered in 1912 by Frederic Lewy[8]) and Lewy neurites, these clumps affect both the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.[9] The fifth revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) gives Lewy body disease as the causative subtype of dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease as the causative subtype of Parkinson's disease dementia.[10] Dementia with Lewy bodies is marked by the presence of Lewy bodies primarily in the cortical regions, and Parkinson's disease dementia with Lewy bodies primarily in the subcortical basal ganglia.[11]

  1. ^ a b Walker Z, Possin KL, Boeve BF, Aarsland D (October 2015). "Lewy body dementias". Lancet (Review). 386 (10004): 1683–97. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00462-6. PMC 5792067. PMID 26595642.
  2. ^ a b Gomperts SN (April 2016). "Lewy Body Dementias: Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia". Continuum (Minneap Minn). 22 (2 Dementia): 435–63. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000309. PMC 5390937. PMID 27042903.
  3. ^ Pezzoli S, Cagnin A, Bandmann O, Venneri A (July 2017). "Structural and Functional Neuroimaging of Visual Hallucinations in Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Literature Review". Brain Sci. 7 (12): 84. doi:10.3390/brainsci7070084. PMC 5532597. PMID 28714891.
  4. ^ Galasko D (May 2017). "Lewy Body Disorders". Neurol Clin. 35 (2): 325–38. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2017.01.004. PMC 5912679. PMID 28410662.
  5. ^ a b Kon T, Tomiyama M, Wakabayashi K (February 2020). "Neuropathology of Lewy body disease: Clinicopathological crosstalk between typical and atypical cases". Neuropathology. 40 (1): 30–39. doi:10.1111/neup.12597. PMID 31498507. S2CID 201983865.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Taylor2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Spillantini, Maria Grazia; Crowther, R. Anthony; Jakes, Ross; Hasegawa, Masato; Goedert, Michel (1998-05-26). "α-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 95 (11): 6469–6473. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.11.6469. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 27806. PMID 9600990.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference NINDS2020Book was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Lin YW, Truong D (April 2019). "Diffuse Lewy body disease". J. Neurol. Sci. (Review). 399: 144–50. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2019.02.021. PMID 30807982. S2CID 72335064.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference DSM5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Cite error: The named reference DSM5A was invoked but never defined (see the help page).