Liaoning

Liaoning 辽宁
Province
Province of Liaoning
Name transcription(s)
• Chinese	辽宁省 (Liáoníng Shěng)
• Abbreviation	LN / 辽 (pinyin: Liáo)
Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong
Map showing the location of Liaoning Province
Coordinates: 41°06′N 122°18′E / 41.1°N 122.3°E / 41.1; 122.3
Country	China
Named for	辽 Liáo—"Liao (River)" 宁 níng—"pacification" "Pacified of the Liao (River)"
Capital (and largest city)	Shenyang
Divisions	14 prefectures, 100 counties, 1511 townships
Government
• Type	Province
• Body	Liaoning Provincial People's Congress
• CCP Secretary	Hao Peng
• Congress chairman	Hao Peng
• Governor	Li Lecheng
• CPPCC chairman	Zhou Bo
• National People's Congress Representation	94 deputies
Area [1]
• Total	145,900 km2 (56,300 sq mi)
• Rank	21st
Highest elevation (Mount Huabozi)	1,336 m (4,383 ft)
Population  (2020)[2]
• Total	42,591,407
• Rank	14th
• Density	290/km2 (760/sq mi)
• Rank	15th
Demographics
• Ethnic composition	Han – 84% Manchu – 13% Mongol – 2% Hui – 0.6% Korean – 0.6% Xibe – 0.3%
• Languages and dialects	Northeastern Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin, Pyongan Korean, Manchu
GDP (2023)[3]
• Total	CN¥ 3,021 billion (16th) US$ 429 billion
• Per capita	CN¥ 72,107 (19th) US$ 10,233
ISO 3166 code	CN-GD
HDI (2022)	0.794[4] (10th) – high
Website	ln.gov.cn

Liaoning
"Liaoning" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	辽宁
Traditional Chinese	遼寧
Literal meaning	"Pacified of the Liao (River)"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Liáoníng Bopomofo ㄌㄧㄠˊ   ㄋㄧㄥˊ Gwoyeu Romatzyh Liauning Wade–Giles Liao2-ning2 IPA [ljǎʊ.nǐŋ] ⓘ Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Lìuh-nìng Jyutping Liu4-ning4 IPA [liw˩.nɪŋ˩] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Liâu-lêng
Manchu name
Manchu script	ᠯᡳᠶᠣᠣᠮᠨᡳᠩ ᠮᡤᠣᠯᠣ
Romanization	Liyoo'ning golo

Liaoning^[a] is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost coastal province of the People's Republic of China.

Historically a gateway between China proper and Manchuria, the modern Liaoning province was established in 1907 as Fengtian or Fengtien province and was renamed Liaoning in 1929. It was also known at that time as Mukden Province for the Manchu name of Shengjing, the former name of Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name, but the name Liaoning was restored for a brief time in 1945 and then again in 1954.

Liaoning borders the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and Bohai Sea in the south, North Korea's North Pyongan and Chagang provinces in the southeast, Jilin to the northeast, Hebei to the southwest, and Inner Mongolia to the northwest. The Yalu River marks the province's border with North Korea, emptying into the Korea Bay between Dandong in Liaoning and Sinuiju in North Korea. Liaoning is also one of China's leading provinces in research and education. As of 2023, two major cities in Liaoning ranked in the world's top 200 cities (Dalian 37th and Shenyang 124th) by scientific research output, as tracked by Nature Index.^[6]

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