Line spectral pairs

Line spectral pairs (LSP) or line spectral frequencies (LSF) are used to represent linear prediction coefficients (LPC) for transmission over a channel.[1] LSPs have several properties (e.g. smaller sensitivity to quantization noise) that make them superior to direct quantization of LPCs. For this reason, LSPs are very useful in speech coding.

LSP representation was developed by Fumitada Itakura,[2] at Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in 1975.[3] From 1975 to 1981, he studied problems in speech analysis and synthesis based on the LSP method.[4] In 1980, his team developed an LSP-based speech synthesizer chip. LSP is an important technology for speech synthesis and coding, and in the 1990s was adopted by almost all international speech coding standards as an essential component, contributing to the enhancement of digital speech communication over mobile channels and the internet worldwide.[3] LSPs are used in the code-excited linear prediction (CELP) algorithm, developed by Bishnu S. Atal and Manfred R. Schroeder in 1985.

  1. ^ Sahidullah, Md.; Chakroborty, Sandipan; Saha, Goutam (Jan 2010). "On the use of perceptual Line Spectral pairs Frequencies and higher-order residual moments for Speaker Identification". International Journal of Biometrics. 2 (4): 358–378. doi:10.1504/ijbm.2010.035450.
  2. ^ Zheng, F.; Song, Z.; Li, L.; Yu, W. (1998). "The Distance Measure for Line Spectrum Pairs Applied to Speech Recognition" (PDF). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP'98) (3): 1123–6.
  3. ^ a b "List of IEEE Milestones". IEEE. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Fumitada Itakura Oral History". IEEE Global History Network. 20 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.