The linear-nonlinear-Poisson (LNP) cascade model is a simplified functional model of neural spike responses.[1][2][3] It has been successfully used to describe the response characteristics of neurons in early sensory pathways, especially the visual system. The LNP model is generally implicit when using reverse correlation or the spike-triggered average to characterize neural responses with white-noise stimuli.
There are three stages of the LNP cascade model. The first stage consists of a linear filter, or linear receptive field, which describes how the neuron integrates stimulus intensity over space and time. The output of this filter then passes through a nonlinear function, which gives the neuron's instantaneous spike rate as its output. Finally, the spike rate is used to generate spikes according to an inhomogeneous Poisson process.
The linear filtering stage performs dimensionality reduction, reducing the high-dimensional spatio-temporal stimulus space to a low-dimensional feature space, within which the neuron computes its response. The nonlinearity converts the filter output to a (non-negative) spike rate, and accounts for nonlinear phenomena such as spike threshold (or rectification) and response saturation. The Poisson spike generator converts the continuous spike rate to a series of spike times, under the assumption that the probability of a spike depends only on the instantaneous spike rate.
The model offers a useful approximation of neural activity, allowing scientists to derive reliable estimates from a mathematically simple formula.
- ^ Chichilnisky, E. J., A simple white noise analysis of neuronal light responses. Archived 2008-10-07 at the Wayback Machine Network: Computation in Neural Systems 12:199–213. (2001)
- ^ Simoncelli, E. P., Paninski, L., Pillow, J. & Swartz, O. (2004). Characterization of Neural Responses with Stochastic Stimuli in (Ed. M. Gazzaniga) The Cognitive Neurosciences 3rd edn (pp 327–338) MIT press.
- ^ Schwartz O., Pillow J. W., Rust N. C., & Simoncelli E. P. (2006). Spike-triggered neural characterization. Journal of Vision 6:484–507