List of apostolados

Apostolado paintings in El Greco Museum, Toledo

An apostolado (from Spanish; lit. 'apostolate'), or apostles series,[1] is a series of individual portrait paintings of the apostles of Jesus Christ, sometimes including other figures, such as Jesus, Luke, Mary, and/or Paul.[2][3][4][5] The first potential example of an apostolado stems from a pair of portraits of the apostles James the Elder and Philip by Albrecht Dürer in 1516, which he may have intended as a full series of twelve.[6][7] In Spain, apostolados are a prevalent genre of art of the apostles,[8] being popularized by Greco-Spanish painter El Greco[9] and leading to other renowned artists of the genre such as Francisco de Zurbarán,[10] Peter Paul Rubens,[11] and Anthony van Dyck.[12] Images of saints, and therefore the apostles, became popular in Catholic Europe during the Renaissance as a result of the Counter-Reformation, which in turn derived from a heavy emphasis of the Catholic doctrine of intercession of saints and opposition to Protestant iconoclasm.[13][14]

  1. ^ Scholz-Hänsel, Michael; Greco (2004). El Greco: Domenikos Theotokopoulos, 1541-1614. Taschen. p. 68. ISBN 978-3-8228-3171-7.
  2. ^ Pérez, Frank (2016-03-03). "Mission San Juan Bautista's Apostolado: A Historically Significant Artwork". BenitoLink. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  3. ^ "A Saint Bartholomew for Velazquez's Apostolado | Gazette Drouot". gazette-drouot.com. 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  4. ^ Ponce, Museo de Arte de (2012). Del Greco a Goya: obras maestras del Museo del Prado (in Spanish). Museo de Arte de Ponce. p. 114.
  5. ^ Hardwick, Michael R. (2015-05-11). La Purisíma Concepción: The Enduring History of a California Mission. Arcadia Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-62585-523-7.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference :9 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Banner, LisaA (2017-07-05). "The Religious Patronage of the Duke of Lerma, 1598?621 ". Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-351-54109-1.
  9. ^ Long, Rebecca J. (2020-03-17). El Greco: Ambition and Defiance. Yale University Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-300-25082-4.
  10. ^ Baticle, Jeannine; Zurbarán, Francisco de; Bottineau, Yves (1987). Zurbarán: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Sept. 22 - Dec. 13, 1987; Galeries Nationales Du Grand Palais, Paris, Jan. 14 - April 11, 1988. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 204. ISBN 978-0-87099-502-6.
  11. ^ Szpila, Kathleen H. (1991). Ruben's Apostolado Lerma: continuity and innovation in a northern tradition.
  12. ^ Lammertse, Friso (2002). "Van Dyck's Apostles Series, Hendrick Uylenburgh and Sigismund III". The Burlington Magazine. 144 (1188): 140–146. ISSN 0007-6287. JSTOR 889357.
  13. ^ Artist, Anonymous; Rubens, Sir Peter Paul, Saint Peter, retrieved 2024-05-19
  14. ^ "Catholic Counter-Reformation Art". www.visual-arts-cork.com. Retrieved 2024-05-19.