List of galaxies

This is a general list of galaxies. For more specific lists, see Lists of galaxies.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale

The following is a list of notable galaxies.

There are about 51 galaxies in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list), on the order of 100,000 in the Local Supercluster, and an estimated 100 billion in all of the observable universe.[1]

The discovery of the nature of galaxies as distinct from other nebulae (interstellar clouds) was made in the 1920s. The first attempts at systematic catalogues of galaxies were made in the 1960s, with the Catalogue of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies listing 29,418 galaxies and galaxy clusters, and with the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies, a putatively complete list of galaxies with photographic magnitude above 15, listing 30,642. In the 1980s, the Lyons Groups of Galaxies listed 485 galaxy groups with 3,933 member galaxies. Galaxy Zoo is a project aiming at a more comprehensive list: launched in July 2007, it has classified over one million galaxy images from The Sloan Digital Sky Survey, The Hubble Space Telescope and the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey.[2]

There is no universal naming convention for galaxies, as they are mostly catalogued before it is established whether the object is or is not a galaxy. Mostly they are identified by their celestial coordinates together with the name of the observing project (HUDF, SDSS, 3C, CFHQS, NGC/IC, etc.)

  1. ^ How Many Galaxies Are There? Astronomers Are Revealing the Enormity of the Universe
  2. ^ Simmons, B.D.; et al. (2014). "Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions". MNRAS. 445 (4): 3466–3474. arXiv:1409.1214. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445.3466S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1817. S2CID 44006240.