| Litostomatea | |
|---|---|
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| Lacrymaria olor (Haptorida) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Subphylum: | Intramacronucleata |
| Infraphylum: | Rhabdophora |
| Class: | Litostomatea Small & Lynn 1981 |
| Typical orders | |
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Subclass Haptoria | |
The Litostomatea are a class of ciliates.[1] The group consists of three subclasses: Haptoria, Trichostomatia and Rhynchostomatia. Haptoria includes mostly carnivorous forms such as Didinium, a species of which preys primarily on the ciliate Paramecium. Trichostomatia (trichostomes) are mostly endosymbionts in the digestive tracts of vertebrates. These include the species Balantidium coli, which is the only ciliate parasitic in humans. The group Rhynchostomatia includes two free-living orders previously included among the Haptoria, but now known to be genetically distinct from them, the Dileptida and the Tracheliida.[2][3]
- ^ Gao S, Song W, Ma H, et al. (2008). "Phylogeny of six genera of the subclass Haptoria (Ciliophora, Litostomatea) inferred from sequences of the gene coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA". J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 55 (6): 562–6. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00360.x. PMID 19120803.
- ^ Vďačný, Peter; et al. (November 2011). "Morphological and molecular phylogeny of dileptid and tracheliid ciliates: Resolution at the base of the class Litostomatea (Ciliophora, Rhynchostomatia)". Eur J Protistol. 47 (4): 295–313. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2011.04.006. PMC 3234341. PMID 21641780.
- ^ Gao, Feng; Warren, Alan; Zhang, Qianqian; Gong, Jun; Miao, Miao; Sun, Ping; Xu, Dapeng; Huang, Jie; Yi, Zhenzhen (2016-04-29). "The All-Data-Based Evolutionary Hypothesis of Ciliated Protists with a Revised Classification of the Phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata)". Scientific Reports. 6: 24874. Bibcode:2016NatSR...624874G. doi:10.1038/srep24874. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4850378. PMID 27126745.