Liu Rushi | |
|---|---|
 1847 portrait of Liu Rushi, ink on paper, by Lu Ji and Cheng Tinglu | |
| Born | Yang Yunjuan[1] 1618 |
| Died | 1664 |
| Resting place | Mount Yu, Changshu, Jiangsu |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Other names | Liu Shi (柳是), Liu Yin (柳隱), Yang Yunjuan (楊雲娟), Yang Yinglian (楊影憐), Yang Ai (楊愛),Hedong Jun(河東君),Miwu Jun(蘼蕪君),Wowenshi Zhuren(我聞室主人),Wowen Jushi(我聞居室) |
| Occupation(s) | courtesan,poet,writer |
| Known for | Poetry,Patriotic spirit |
Liu Rushi (Chinese: 柳如是; pinyin: Liú Rúshì; Wade–Giles: Liu Ju-shih; 1618–1664), also known as Yang Ai (楊愛), Liu Shi (柳是), Liu Yin (柳隱),Yang Yinlian (楊影憐) and Hedong Jun (河東君), was a Chinese courtesan, poet and writer in the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty.
Early in her life, she had a relationship with Chen Zilong with whom she exchanged verses.[2] She married the scholar-official Qian Qianyi, who was 36 years her senior, at the age of 23. She died by suicide shortly after his death.
She is one of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" described by late Qing official Zhang Jingqi.[3] In addition to her creative works (many of which have survived) and independent spirit, she has been revered in later times for her unwavering love for her husband and for her country (the Ming) during the Ming–Qing transition. Historian Chen Yinke, who spent decades researching and writing about her, characterizes Liu Rushi as "a heroine, a belle, a wordsmith, and a patriot" (女俠名姝 文宗國士).
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Ko1994was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cahill, James (1990). "The Painting of Liu Yin". In Weidner, Marsha (ed.). Flowering in the Shadows: Women in the History of Chinese and Japanese Painting. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 109–17. ISBN 978-0824811495.
- ^ *Xie 谢, Yongfang 永芳; Shi 施, Qin 琴 (2014). "像传题咏与经典重构———以《秦淮八艳图咏》为中心" ["Qinhuai bayan tuyong"-centered acclaim for portraits and classical reconstruction]. Zhongguo Wenhua Yanjiu (2): 180–188.