Locked nucleic acid

Chemical structure of an LNA monomer an additional bridge bonds the 2' oxygen and the 4' carbon of the pentose

A locked nucleic acid (LNA), also known as bridged nucleic acid (BNA),[1] and often referred to as inaccessible RNA, is a modified RNA nucleotide in which the ribose moiety is modified with an extra bridge connecting the 2' oxygen and 4' carbon. The bridge "locks" the ribose in the 3'-endo (North) conformation, which is often found in the A-form duplexes. This structure provides for increased stability against enzymatic degradation.[2][3][4][5] LNA also offers improved specificity and affinity in base-pairing as a monomer or a constituent of an oligonucleotide.[6] LNA nucleotides can be mixed with DNA or RNA residues in a oligonucleotide.

  1. ^ Elayadi, Anissa N.; Braasch, Dwaine A.; Corey, David R. (August 2002). "Implications of High-Affinity Hybridization by Locked Nucleic Acid Oligomers for Inhibition of Human Telomerase †". Biochemistry. 41 (31): 9973–9981. doi:10.1021/bi025907j. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 12146961.
  2. ^ Kurreck, J. (2002-05-01). "Design of antisense oligonucleotides stabilized by locked nucleic acids". Nucleic Acids Research. 30 (9): 1911–1918. doi:10.1093/nar/30.9.1911. PMC 113840. PMID 11972327.
  3. ^ Frieden, M. (2003-11-01). "Expanding the design horizon of antisense oligonucleotides with alpha-L-LNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 31 (21): 6365–6372. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg820. ISSN 1362-4962. PMC 275462. PMID 14576324.
  4. ^ Frieden, Miriam; Hansen, Henrik F.; Koch, Troels (October 2003). "Nuclease Stability of LNA Oligonucleotides and LNA-DNA Chimeras". Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids. 22 (5–8): 1041–1043. doi:10.1081/NCN-120022731. ISSN 1525-7770. PMID 14565339. S2CID 10631717.
  5. ^ Morita, K.; Hasegawa, C.; Kaneko, M.; Tsutsumi, S.; Sone, J.; Ishikawa, T.; Imanishi, T.; Koizumi, M. (2001-11-01). "2'-O, 4'-C-Ethylene-bridged nucleic acids (ENA) with nuclease-resistance and high affnity for RNA". Nucleic Acids Symposium Series. 1 (1): 241–242. doi:10.1093/nass/1.1.241. ISSN 0261-3166. PMID 12836354.
  6. ^ Veedu, Rakesh; Wengel, Jesper (2011). Medicinal Chemistry of Nucleic Acids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 335–337. ISBN 978-0470596685.