MPLA

For the rebel group in Mali, see People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad.

People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola
AbbreviationMPLA
ChairmanJoão Lourenço
Secretary-GeneralPaulo Pombolo
FoundersAgostinho Neto
Viriato da Cruz
Founded10 December 1956; 67 years ago (1956-12-10)
Merger ofPLUAA
PCA
HeadquartersLuanda, Luanda Province
NewspaperJornal de Angola
Youth wingYouth of MPLA
Women's wingOrganization of Angolan Women
Paramilitary wingPeople's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (1956–1993)
Membership (2022)3,000,000[1]
Ideology
Political position
International affiliationSocialist International (since 2006)[19]
African affiliation
Colours  Red
Slogan
  •  • "Peace, Work and Liberty"
  •  • "MPLA e os Novos Desafios"[20]
National Assembly
124 / 220
SADC PF
0 / 5
Pan-African Parliament
0 / 5
Election symbol
Party flag
Party flag
Website
mpla.ao Edit this at Wikidata

The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola, abbr. MPLA), from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (Portuguese: Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola – Partido do Trabalho), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974, and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975, being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.

  1. ^ "MPLA: João Lourenço diz que teve a coragem de lutar contra a corrupção". Observador (in Portuguese). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b Andresen Guimarães, Fernando (2001). The Origins of the Angolan Civil War: Foreign Intervention and Domestic Political Conflict, 1961–76. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-59826-3 (inactive 2 November 2024).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  3. ^ Péclard, Didier (31 August 2021). "Nationalism, Liberation, and Decolonization in Angola". Oxford Academic – African History. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.640. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4.
  4. ^ [2][3]
  5. ^ a b C. Docherty, James; Lamb, Peter (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism. Scarecrow Press. p. 276.
  6. ^ a b Poddar, Prem; S. Patke, Rajeev; Jensen, Lars, eds. (2008). A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures – Continental Europe and its Empires. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 480–481.
  7. ^ [5][6]
  8. ^ "Estatuto do MPLA". MPLA.ao. MPLA. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
  9. ^ [5][8]
  10. ^ a b Szajkowski, Bogdan, ed. (1981). Marxist Governments: A World Survey. Macmillan Publishers. pp. 72–76. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-04329-3. ISBN 978-1-349-04331-6.
  11. ^ a b Hodges, Tony (2001). Angola: From Afro-Stalinism to Petro-Diamond Capitalism. Indiana University Press.
  12. ^ Ball, Jeremy (20 November 2017). "The History of Angola". Oxford Academic – African History. Oxford University Press: 20. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.180. ISBN 978-0-19-027773-4. The MPLA adopted Marxism in 1976, which strengthened its ties to Cuba and the Soviet Union.
  13. ^ [10][2][11][12]
  14. ^ [10][6][11]
  15. ^ Drew, Allison, ed. (1 May 2013). "16". The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism. Oxford Academic. pp. 285–302. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.003.
  16. ^ [15]
  17. ^ Vanaik, Achin (13 December 2021). "Humanitarian Intervention Is a Cloak for Military Aggression". Jacobin. Archived from the original on 1 July 2022.
  18. ^ [17]
  19. ^ Lamb, Peter; Docherty, James C. (2006). Historical Dictionary of Socialism (Second ed.). The Scarecrow Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-8108-5560-1. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
  20. ^ "Comité central do MPLA alargado para 497 membros" [MPLA central committee enlarged to 497 members]. Jornal de Angola (in Portuguese). 15 June 2019. Archived from the original on 16 June 2019. O conclave, o primeiro convocado pelo presidente do partido e chefe de Estado, João Lourenço, decorreu sob o lema "MPLA e os Novos Desafios" [The conclave, the first called by the party's president and head of state, João Lourenço, took place under the slogan "MPLA and the New Challenges".]