Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
محمود احمدی‌نژاد
Member of Expediency Discernment Council
Incumbent
Assumed office
5 August 2013[1]
Appointed byAli Khamenei
ChairmanAkbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Ali Movahedi-Kermani (acting)
Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Sadeq Larijani
Preceded byHassan Rouhani
6th President of Iran
In office
3 August 2005 – 3 August 2013
Supreme LeaderAli Khamenei
Vice PresidentMohammad Reza Aref
Parviz Davoodi
Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei
Mohammad Reza Rahimi
Preceded byMohammad Khatami
Succeeded byHassan Rouhani
Acting ministerial offices
Minister of Petroleum
Acting[2]
In office
16 May 2011 – 2 June 2011
PresidentHimself
Preceded byMasoud Mir-Kazemi
Succeeded byMohammad Aliabadi (acting)
Minister of Intelligence
Acting[3]
In office
25 July 2009 – 3 September 2009
PresidentHimself
Preceded byGholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i
Succeeded byHeydar Moslehi
42nd Mayor of Tehran
In office
20 May 2003[4] – 28 June 2005
Preceded byMohammad-Hossein Moghimi (acting)
Succeeded byAli Saeedlou (acting)
1st Governor General of Ardabil
In office
28 November 1993 – 29 October 1997
PresidentAkbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Preceded byProvince created
Succeeded bySeyyed Hamid Tahayi
Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement
In office
30 August 2012 – 3 August 2013
Preceded byMohamed Morsi
Succeeded byHassan Rouhani
Personal details
Born
Mahmoud Sabbaghian[5]

(1956-10-28) 28 October 1956 (age 68)
Aradan, Imperial State of Iran
Political party
Other political
affiliations
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1980)​
Children3
Relatives
Residence(s)Square 72, Narmak, Tehran[6]
Alma materIran University of Science and Technology (BS, PhD)
OccupationUniversity professor
ProfessionEngineer
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Islamic Republic of Iran Army
Branch/service Revolutionary Guards
Years of service1986–1988[7][8]
RankNone[a]
UnitHamzeh Headquarters[7]
CommandsCombat engineering Unit, 6th Special Division[8]
Battles/wars
Academic background
Theses
Doctoral advisorHamid Behbahani
Other advisorsAli Mansour Khaki
Gholamreza Shirazian
Jalil Shahi
Academic work
DisciplineCivil engineering
Sub-disciplineTraffic engineering
InstitutionsIran University of Science and Technology
This article contains Persian text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Persian: محمود احمدی‌نژاد, romanized: Mahmūd Ahmadīnežād, pronounced [mæhmuːd(e) æhmædiːneʒɒːd] ⓘ;[b][10][11] born Mahmoud Sabbaghian[5] [محمود صباغیان, Mahmūd Sabbāghiyān] on 28 October 1956)[12][13] is an Iranian principlist and nationalist politician who served as the sixth president of Iran from 2005 to 2013. He is currently a member of the Expediency Discernment Council. He was known for his hardline views and nuclearisation of Iran. He was also the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, a coalition of conservative political groups in the country, and served as mayor of Tehran from 2003 to 2005, reversing many of his predecessor's reforms.

An engineer and teacher from a poor background,[14] he was ideologically shaped by thinkers such as Navvab Safavi, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, and Ahmad Fardid.[15] After the Iranian Revolution, Ahmadinejad joined the Office for Strengthening Unity.[16] Appointed a provincial governor in 1993, he was replaced along with all other provincial governors in 1997 after the election of President Mohammad Khatami and returned to teaching.[17][18] Tehran's council elected him mayor in 2003.[19] He took a religious hard line, reversing reforms of previous moderate mayors.[20] His 2005 presidential campaign, supported by the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, garnered 62% of the runoff election votes, and he became president on 3 August 2005.[21][22]

During his presidency, Ahmadinejad was a controversial figure both in Iran and worldwide. He was criticized domestically for his economic policies,[23] and was accused of disregard for human rights by organizations in North America and Europe.[24] Outside of Iran, he was criticized for his hostility towards countries including Israel, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, and the United States and other Western and Arab states. In 2007, Ahmadinejad introduced a gasoline rationing plan to reduce the country's fuel consumption and cut the interest rates that private and public banking facilities could charge.[25][26][27] He supports Iran's nuclear program. His election to a second term in 2009 was widely disputed,[28][29] and led to widespread protests domestically and criticism from Western countries.[30]

During his second term, Ahmadinejad experienced a power struggle with reformers and other traditionalists in Parliament and the Revolutionary Guard,[31] as well as with Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei,[32] over his dismissal of intelligence minister Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i and his support for his controversial close adviser, Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei.[33] On 14 March 2012, Ahmadinejad became the first president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to be summoned by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament) to answer questions regarding his presidency.[34][35] Limited to two terms under the current Iranian constitution, Ahmadinejad supported Mashaei's campaign for president.[31] In 2013, Hassan Rouhani was elected as Ahmadinejad's successor.

On 12 April 2017, Ahmadinejad announced that he intended to run for a third term in the 2017 presidential election, against the objections of Supreme Leader Khamenei.[36] His nomination was rejected by the Guardian Council.[37][38] During the 2017–18 Iranian protests, Ahmadinejad criticized the current government of Iran. He made a second attempt at registering to run for the 2021 presidential election, and was rejected again by the Guardian Council.[39] He registered as a candidate in the 2024 Iranian presidential election,[40] but was subsequently rejected.[41]

  1. ^ "Ex-Iranian President appointed to new post". Azernews.az. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  2. ^ Smith, Matt (16 May 2011). "Ahmadinejad losing ground in Iran power struggle, analysts say". CNN. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  3. ^ Milani, Abbas (3 August 2009). "Inside The Civil War That's Threatening The Iranian Regime". The New Republic. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  4. ^ "New Mayor of Tehran appointed". Hamshahri (in Persian). No. 3055. 21 May 2003.
  5. ^ a b داستان داوود و محمود: داوود احمدی‌نژاد چرا عليه محمود احمدی‌نژاد سخنرانی می‌كند؟ [The Story of Davoud and Mahmoud: Why Davoud Ahmadinejad Speaks Against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad?]. Aseman Weekly (in Persian) (7). 19 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  6. ^ Lucas, Scott (5 January 2015). "Iran Feature: Signs of an Ahmadinejad Comeback & a Hard-Line Challenge to Speaker of Parliament Larijani". EA WorldView. Retrieved 3 June 2016.
  7. ^ a b Peterson, Scott (2010). Let the Swords Encircle Me: Iran: A Journey Behind the Headlines. Simon and Schuster. pp. 279–280. ISBN 978-1416597391.
  8. ^ a b Ehteshami, Anoushiravan; Zweiri, Mahjoob (2007), Iran and the Rise of Its Neoconservatives: The Politics of Tehran's Silent Revolution, I.B.Tauris, p. 55, ISBN 978-0857713674
  9. ^ Afshon Ostovar (2016). Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards. Oxford University Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0190491703.
  10. ^ Team, Forvo. "Pronunciations for محمود احمدی‌نژاد (from محمود احمدی‌نژاد to احمدی‌نژاد)". Forvo.com.
  11. ^ Windfuhr, Gernot (1979). Persian Grammar: History and State of Its Study. Walter de Gruyter. p. 145. ISBN 9789027977748. Archived from the original on 28 October 2013. ... stress is word-final in simple, derived, and compound nouns and adjectives ...
  12. ^ "usurped title". www.anenemywecreated.com. Archived from the original on 27 January 2011. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ^ "Mahmoud Ahmedinejad on Facebook". Facebook. 24 July 2001. Archived from the original on 17 December 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2009.
  14. ^ Biography of H.E. Dr. Ahmadi Nejad, Honourable President of Islamic Republic of Iran. Retrieved 27 January 2008. Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Avideh Mayville, "The Religious Ideology of Reform in Iran" in J. Harold Ellens (ed.), Winning Revolutions: The Psychosocial Dynamics of Revolts for Freedom, Fairness, and Rights [3 volumes], ABC-CLIO (2013), p. 311
  16. ^ "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". Iran Chamber Society. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  17. ^ McCormick, John (3 February 2009). Comparative Politics in Transition. Cengage Learning. p. 520. ISBN 978-0-495-56852-0.
  18. ^ Axworthy, Michael (10 March 2016). Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046896-5.
  19. ^ "Hardline mayor with a humble man-of-the-people image". The Guardian. 20 June 2005. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  20. ^ "Ahamd Bozorgian (MP): 'The Separation of men and women's elevators is an advantageous policy. It would help to grow.'". Archived from the original on 14 January 2006. Retrieved 20 June 2005. Entekhab News. Retrieved 31 August 2006.
  21. ^ "Ahmadinejad Sworn in as Iran's New President". Voice Of America. 6 August 2005. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
  22. ^ "Iran hardliner becomes president". BBC. 3 August 2005. Retrieved 6 December 2006.
  23. ^ Hafezi, Parisa. "Influential Iran cleric slams Ahmadinejad on economy" Reuters, 13 August 2008
  24. ^ Memarian, Omid (17 September 2010). "Activists Warn of Rights Crisis Ahead of Ahmadinejad Visit | Inter Press Service". Ipsnews.net. Inter Press Service. Retrieved 4 March 2020. The event was organised by two New York-based rights groups, the International Campaign for Human Rights in Iran and Human Rights Watch, as well as the Nobel Women's Initiative. ... His group, "Amnesty International ...
  25. ^ Tait, Robert (25 May 2007). "Iran interest rate cut sparks panic selling". The Guardian. Tehran. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  26. ^ مدیریت و" برنامه‌ریزی منحل شد", BBC Persian. Retrieved 29 July 2007. Archived 17 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ "Assembly of Experts to study economic reform plan: Rafsanjani". Tehran Times (in Persian). 23 August 2008. Archived from the original on 12 September 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
  28. ^ "Iran clerics defy election ruling". BBC News. 5 July 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  29. ^ "Is this government legitimate?". BBC. 7 September 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  30. ^ Landry, Carole (25 June 2009). "G8 calls on Iran to halt election violence". AFP. Archived from the original on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2011. The West has expressed alarm over Tehran's crackdown ... The Group of Eight leading powers on Friday deplored post-election violence in Iran ... Divergences appeared when Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov warned that isolating Iran was the "wrong approach" ...
  31. ^ a b Erdbrink, Thomas (3 April 2013). "Power Struggle Is Gripping Iran Ahead of June Election". New York Times. Retrieved 4 April 2013. It is all part of a power struggle ahead of the June election between Mr. Ahmadinejad's faction and a coalition of traditionalists, including many Revolutionary Guards commanders and hard-line clerics.
  32. ^ Cite error: The named reference rift was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference accept was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. ^ "Iran's president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad summoned to parliament". The Guardian. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2012.
  35. ^ Ahmadinejad critic Larijani re-elected Iran speaker. BBC (5 June 2012). Retrieved on 18 December 2012.
  36. ^ "Hard-Line Ex-Leader Ahmadinejad Stuns Iran With Election Bid". The New York Times. 12 April 2017.
  37. ^ "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad 'disqualified' from Iran elections". 20 April 2017.
  38. ^ "Iran's Ahmadinejad disqualified from running for the president". 20 April 2017.
  39. ^ Motamedi, Maziar. "Iran approves 7 for presidential vote; bars reformists". Aljazeera.com. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  40. ^ "Iran's hard-line former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad registers for June 28 presidential election". AP News. 2 June 2024.
  41. ^ "Iran announces six candidates approved for June 28 presidential election". France 24. 9 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.


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