| Mammalian orthoreovirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Duplornaviricota |
| Class: | Resentoviricetes |
| Order: | Reovirales |
| Family: | Sedoreoviridae |
| Genus: | Orthoreovirus |
| Species: | Mammalian orthoreovirus |
| Serotypes[2] | |
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) is a double-stranded RNA virus. It is a part of the family Reoviridae, as well as the subfamily Spinareovirinae. As seen in the name, the Mammalian Ortheoreovirus infects numerous mammalian species and vertebrates which serve as natural hosts. Some diseases that occur as a result of this virus or are associated with this virus include mild upper respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal illness. Examples of these are: upper respiratory tract syndromes, gastroenteritis (stomach flu), biliary atresia, obstructive hydrocephalus, jaundice, alopecia, conjunctivitis, and ‘oily hair’ associated with steatorrhea.[3][4]
There are four serotypes, or distinct variations within the viral species, of Mammalian orthoreovirus. This means that there are four separate strains of Mammalian orthoreovirus: Type 1 Lang, Type 2 Jones, Type 3 Dearing, Type 4 Ndelle. An example of these strains is Mammalian orthoreovirus type 3, or Mammalian orthoreovirus 3-Dearing (MRV-3; Strain Dearing). It induces cell death preferentially in transformed cells and therefore displays inherent oncolytic properties.[4][5]
It is believed that Mammalian orthoreovirus causes subclinical infection in humans more so than in other mammals. Meaning, that a human infected with Mammalian orthoreovirus, regardless of the serotype, is nearly or completely asymptomatic, and therefore, don't exhibit signs or symptoms of the virus. This theory is based upon evidence that the majority of people have antibodies for all of the serotypes, meaning they were exposed to the virus at some point and the body's immune system built an immunity to it after being infected.[3]
- ^ Mahy, Brian W J (2001). A dictionary of virology (3. ed.). San Diego, Calif. [u.a.]: Academic Press. pp. 1. ISBN 978-0-12-465327-6.
- ^ "ICTV 9th Report (2011) Reoviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 29 December 2018.
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- ^ a b "disease.html". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-04.
- ^ a b Mahy, Brian W. J. (2009-02-26). The Dictionary of Virology. Academic Press. ISBN 9780080920368.
- ^ Liu, Dongyou (2016-05-25). Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens. CRC Press. ISBN 9781498700375.