Manado Malay

Manado Malay
Bahasa Manado
Native toIndonesia
RegionNorth Sulawesi
Native speakers
850,000 (2001)[1]
Malay Creole
  • Eastern Indonesia Malay
    • Manadoic Malay
      • Manado Malay
Dialects
  • Coastal Malay (Borgo)
  • Mountain Malay
  • Town Malay
Language codes
ISO 639-3xmm
Glottologmala1481

Manado Malay, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used,[2] after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.

Manado Malay differs from standard Malay in having numerous Portuguese, Dutch, Spanish, and Ternate loan words, as well as having traits such as its use of kita as a first person singular pronoun, rather than as a first person inclusive plural pronoun. It is derived from North Moluccan Malay (Ternate Malay), which can be evidenced by the number of Ternate loanwords in its lexicon.[3] For example, the pronouns ngana ('you', singular) and ngoni ('you', plural) are of Ternate–Tidore origin.[4] Manado Malay has been displacing the indigenous languages of the area.[5]

  1. ^ Manado Malay at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Stoel 2007, p. 117.
  3. ^ Allen & Hayami-Allen 2002, p. 21.
  4. ^ Bowden 2005, p. 137.
  5. ^ Henley 1996, p. 86.