Maskray

Maskrays
Neotrygon kuhlii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: Myliobatiformes
Family: Dasyatidae
Subfamily: Neotrygoninae
Genus: Neotrygon
Castelnau, 1873 [1]
Type species
Raya trigonoides (New Caledonian maskray)
Castelnau, 1873

Neotrygon is a genus of stingrays in the family Dasyatidae commonly known as the Maskrays, native to the Indo-West Pacific. They are so named because of a distinctive color pattern around their eyes, resembling a mask. The species in this genus were originally placed in the genus Dasyatis by most authors. However, recent morphological and molecular analyses have conclusively showed that they represent a distinct group and so the genus Neotrygon was resurrected for them.[2]

Aside from their mask-like color pattern, the maskrays are variable in coloration and can be plain or ornate. Their pectoral fin discs are largely smooth, with a single row of thorns along the dorsal midline. The mouth is small with two central papillae and a row of enlarged, long-cusped teeth halfway along the upper jaw on both sides. The nasal curtain, formed by the merging of the nasal flaps, is long and narrow. The tail is very short with well-developed dorsal and ventral fin folds and a filamentous tip, and is banded black and white past the stinging spine. In addition, Neotrygon species also differ from other stingrays in their buccal and skeletal morphology,[2][3] as well as in the CO1 and NADH2 gene sequences.[4][5]

Within the genus Neotrygon, species can be diagnosed by their nucleotide sequence at the CO1, NADH2, and cytochrome b gene loci.[5][6][7][8] Alternative diagnoses have been proposed based on morphometrics [3] but these were shown to be invalid.[7][9]

  1. ^ Castelnau, F. de (1873). "Contribution to the ichthyology of Australia". Proc. Zool. Acclim. Soc. Victoria. 2: 37–358.
  2. ^ a b Last, P.R. & White, W.T. (2008). "Resurrection of the genus Neotrygon Castelnau (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of Neotrygon picta sp. nov., a new species from northern Australia. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Pogonoski, J.J (Eds.), Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans" (PDF). CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research. Paper 022: 315–325.
  3. ^ a b Last, P.R., White, W.T. & Séret, B. (2016): Taxonomic status of maskrays of the Neotrygon kuhlii species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae) with the description of three new species from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa, 4083 (4): 533–561.
  4. ^ Ward R D, Holmes B H, White W T, Last P R (2008): DNA barcoding Australasian chondrichthyans: results and potential uses in conservation. Marine and Freshwater Research, 59: 57-71.
  5. ^ a b Naylor G J P, Caira J N, Jensen K, Rosana K A M, White W T, Last P R (2012): A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 367: 1-262.
  6. ^ Borsa, P.; Shen, K.-N.; Arlyza, I.S. & Hoareau, T.B. (2016), "Multiple cryptic species in the blue-spotted maskray (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae: Neotrygon spp.): An update.", Comptes Rendus Biologies, 339 (9–10): 417–426, doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2016.07.004, hdl:2263/60724, PMID 27543138[1]
  7. ^ a b Borsa, P., Arlyza, I.S., Hoareau, T.B. & Shen, K.-N. (2018): Diagnostic description and geographic distribution of four new cryptic species of the blue-spotted maskray species complex (Myliobatoidei: Dasyatidae; Neotrygon spp.) based on DNA sequences. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, doi:10.1007/s00343-018-7056-2.
  8. ^ Pavan-Kumar, A.; Kumar, R.; Pitale, P.; Shen, K.-N.; Borsa, P. (2018). "Neotrygon indica sp. nov., the Indian-Ocean blue-spotted maskray (Myliobatoidei, Dasyatidae)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 341 (2): 120–130. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2018.01.004. PMID 29415869.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference Borsa2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).