Massina Empire

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Caliphate of Hamdullahi خلافة حمد الله
1818–1862
The Fulani Jihad States of West Africa, c. 1830.
Capital	Hamdullahi
Common languages	Arabic (official) Maasina Fulfulde, Bambara, Tamasheq
Religion	Islam
Government	Caliphate
Almami
• 1818 – 1845	Seku Amadu
• 1845 – 1852	Amadu II
• 1852 – 1862	Amadu III
Legislature	Grand Council
Historical era	Late modern period; Fula jihads
• Founding of the Sultanate of Massina	c. 1400
• Battle of Noukouma	1818
• Disestablished	1862
Preceded by Succeeded by Bambara Empire Pashalik of Timbuktu Toucouleur Empire
Today part of	Mali

The Caliphate of Hamdullahi (Arabic: خلافة حمد الله; Fula: Laamorde Maasina; Bambara: Massina Mansamara; French: Empire du Macina; also: Dina of Massina, Sise Jihad state), commonly known as the Massina empire (also spelled Maasina or Macina), was an early nineteenth-century Sunni Muslim caliphate in West Africa centered in the Inner Niger Delta of what is now the Mopti and Ségou Regions of Mali. It was founded by Seku Amadu in 1818 during the Fulani jihads after defeating the Bambara Empire and its allies at the Battle of Noukouma. By 1853, the empire had fallen into decline and was ultimately destroyed by Omar Saidou Tall of Toucouleur.^[1]

The Massina Empire was one of the most organized theocratic states of its time on the African continent and had its capital at Hamdullahi. It was ruled by an almami with the help of a Grand Council that possessed the power to elect new rulers after the death of the previous one.^[1] While, in theory, the almami did not have to be a member of the Bari family, but only someone who was learned and pious, every almami elected happened to be a son of the previous ruler.^[2]