Matilda Joslyn Gage

Matilda Joslyn Gage
Portrait photograph of a middle-aged woman with her white hair in an up-do, and wearing a high-collared blouse.
BornMatilda Electa Joslyn
March 24, 1826
Cicero, New York, U.S.
DiedMarch 18, 1898(1898-03-18) (aged 71)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
OccupationAbolitionist, free thinker, author
Notable worksAuthor, with Anthony and Stanton, of first three volumes of History of Woman Suffrage
Spouse
Henry Hill Gage
(m. 1845; died 1884)
Children5, including Maud
ParentsHezekiah Joslyn (father)
RelativesL. Frank Baum (son-in-law)
Signature

Matilda Joslyn Gage (née Joslyn; March 24, 1826 – March 18, 1898) was an American writer and activist. She is mainly known for her contributions to women's suffrage in the United States, but also campaigned for Native American rights, abolitionism, and freethought. She is the eponym for the Matilda effect, which describes the tendency to deny women credit for scientific invention. She influenced her son-in-law L. Frank Baum, the author of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

She was the youngest speaker[1] at the 1852 National Women's Rights Convention held in Syracuse, New York. A tireless worker, public speaker, and author, Gage was regarded as "one of the most logical, fearless and scientific writers of her day."[2] Along with Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Gage helped found the National Woman's Suffrage Association in 1869.[3] During 1878–1881, she published and edited the National Citizen, a paper devoted to the cause of women. With Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, she was for years in the forefront of the suffrage movement, and collaborated with them in writing the first three volumes of History of Woman Suffrage (1881–1887). She was the author of the Woman's Rights Catechism (1868); Woman as Inventor (1870); Who Planned the Tennessee Campaign (1880); and Woman, Church and State (1893).[4]

For many years, she was associated with the National Women's Suffrage Association, but when her views on suffrage and feminism became too radical for many of its members, she founded the Woman's National Liberal Union,[5] whose objects were: To assert woman's natural right to self-government; to show the cause of delay in the recognition of her demand; to preserve the principles of civil and religious liberty; to arouse public opinion to the danger of a union of church and state through an amendment to the constitution, and to denounce the doctrine of woman's inferiority. She served as president of this union from its inception in 1890 until her death in Chicago in 1898.[4]

  1. ^ Lamphier & Welch 2017, p. 68.
  2. ^ Wagner Roesch, Sally (2002). The Historical and Architectural Significance of the Matilda Joslyn Gage House Fayetteville, New York. Matilda Joslyn Gage Foundation.
  3. ^ Corey, Mary E. (1995). Matilda Joslyn Gage: Woman suffrage historian, 1852–1898 (Thesis). University of Rochester. p. 9.
  4. ^ a b White 1921, p. 244.
  5. ^ Gage, Matilda Joslyn (1890). WOMEN'S NATIONAL LIBERAL UNION REPORT OF THE CONVENTION FOR ORGANIZATION.