Matilda of Scotland

Matilda of Scotland
13th century depiction on a family tree
Queen consort of England
Tenure11 November 1100 – 1 May 1118
Coronation11 November 1100
BornEdith
1080
Dunfermline, Scotland
Died1 May 1118 (aged 37–38)
Westminster Palace, London, England
Burial
Spouse
(m. 1100)
Issue
HouseDunkeld
FatherMalcolm III of Scotland
MotherMargaret of Wessex

Matilda of Scotland (originally christened Edith,[a] 1080 – 1 May 1118), also known as Good Queen Maud, was Queen of England and Duchess of Normandy as the first wife of King Henry I. She acted as regent of England on several occasions during Henry's absences: in 1104, 1107, 1108, and 1111.[1]

Daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland and the Anglo-Saxon princess Margaret of Wessex, Matilda was educated at a convent in southern England, where her aunt Christina was abbess and forced her to wear a veil.[2] In 1093, Matilda was engaged to an English nobleman until her father and her brother Edward were killed in the Battle of Alnwick in 1093. Her uncle Donald III seized the throne of Scotland, triggering a messy succession conflict. England opposed King Donald and supported first her half-brother Duncan II as king of Scotland, and after his death, her brother Edgar, who assumed the throne in 1097.

Henry I succeeded his brother William Rufus as king of England in 1100 and quickly proposed marriage to Matilda due to her descent from the Anglo-Saxon House of Wessex, which would help legitimize his rule. After proving she had not taken religious vows, Matilda and Henry were married. As Queen of England, Matilda embarked on several building projects for transportation and health, took a role in government as mediator to the Church, and led a literary court. She acted as regent when her husband was away, with many surviving charters signed by her. Matilda and Henry had two children: Empress Matilda and William Adelin; through her daughter, she is the ancestor of all subsequent English and British monarchs. Queen Matilda was buried in Westminster Abbey and was fondly remembered by her subjects. There was an attempt to have her canonised as a saint in the Catholic Church, which was not pursued.


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  1. ^ Judith A. Green: The Government of England Under Henry I, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p 41
  2. ^ Tyler 2017, p. 308.