Max Ringelmann

Maximilien Ringelmann
Born(1861-12-10)December 10, 1861
Paris, France
DiedMay 2, 1931(1931-05-02) (aged 69)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Alma materNational Institute of Agronomy
Known forRingelmann effect, Ringelmann scale
Scientific career
InstitutionsÉcole Nationale d’Agriculture

Maximilien Ringelmann (10 December 1861, Paris – 2 May 1931, Paris)[1]: 55  was a French professor of agricultural engineering and agronomic engineer who was involved in the scientific testing and development of agricultural machinery.[1]

Ringelmann's interests were wide-ranging: he developed the Ringelmann scale which is still used to measure smoke. He also discovered the Ringelmann effect in social psychology, viz, that when working in groups, individuals slacken.

  1. ^ a b Simon, Bernard (1998). "Max Ringelmann (1861-1931) et la recherche en machinisme agricole". In Fontanon, Claudine (ed.). Histoire de la mécanique appliquée enseignement, recherche et pratiques mécaniciennes en France après 1880. Paris: ENS Editions. pp. 47–55. ISBN 2-902126-50-6. Retrieved 26 March 2019.