| Meiji Seamount | |
|---|---|
 Elevation of the Pacific seafloor, showing the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain including Meiji Seamount near top. | |
| Summit depth | approx. 2,000 m (6,562 ft) |
| Location | |
| Location | North Pacific Ocean, east of the Kamchatka Peninsula |
| Coordinates | 53°12′N 164°30′E / 53.200°N 164.500°E |
| Geology | |
| Type | Guyot |
| Volcanic arc/chain | Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain |
| Age of rock | 82 million years |
Meiji Seamount, named after Emperor Meiji, the 122nd Emperor of Japan, is the oldest seamount in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, with an estimated age of 82 million years.[1] It lies at the northernmost end of the chain, lies off the coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula, and is perched at the outer slope of the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench.[2] Like the rest of the Emperor seamounts, it was formed by the Hawaii hotspot volcanism, grew to become an island, and has since subsided to below sea level, all while being carried first north and now northwest by the motion of the Pacific Plate. Meiji Seamount is thus an example of a particular type of seamount known as a guyot, and some publications refer to it as Meiji Guyot.[3]
Meiji Seamount will eventually be destroyed by subduction into the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench where it is carried by the ongoing plate motion,[4] although this will not fully occur for several million more years if the current rate of motion is maintained. Although Meiji is the oldest extant seamount in the Hawaii-Emperor chain, the question of whether there were older seamounts in the chain which have already been subducted into the trench remains open, and is the subject of ongoing scientific research.
The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 19, Hole 192A, recovered 13 m (43 ft) of pillow lava from near the summit of Meiji.[5][6] The lavas were initially classified as alkali basalts on the basis of their mineralogy, but subsequent microprobe analyses of glass and pyroxene suggested that they are tholeiitic in origin. At least five flows were found.[7]
- ^ Metzger, Ellen Pletcher (1995). "The STRATegy COLUMN for Precollege Science Teachers--Hot Spots, Plumes, and Plate Motion". Journal of Geological Education. 43 (4): 408–413. Bibcode:1995JGeoE..43..408M. doi:10.5408/0022-1368-43.4.408. ISSN 0022-1368.
- ^ Jiang, Zhaoxia; Li, Sanzhong; Liu, Qingsong; Zhang, Jianli; Zhou, Zaizheng; Zhang, Yuzhen (2021). "The trials and tribulations of the Hawaii hot spot model". Earth-Science Reviews. 215: 103544. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21503544J. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103544. S2CID 233532339.
- ^ Wei, Songqiao Shawn; Shearer, Peter M.; Lithgow-Bertelloni, Carolina; Stixrude, Lars; Tian, Dongdong (2020-11-20). "Oceanic plateau of the Hawaiian mantle plume head subducted to the uppermost lower mantle". Science. 370 (6519): 983–987. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..983W. doi:10.1126/science.abd0312. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33214281. S2CID 227059993.
- ^ Bürgmann, Roland (2005). "Interseismic coupling and asperity distribution along the Kamchatka subduction zone". Journal of Geophysical Research. 110 (B7): B07405. Bibcode:2005JGRB..110.7405B. doi:10.1029/2005JB003648. ISSN 0148-0227. S2CID 129123498.
- ^ Dalrymple. G.B., Lanphere; M.A., Natland (1980), "K-Ar Minimum Age for Meiji Guyot, Emperor Seamount Chain", Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 55, vol. 55, U.S. Government Printing Office, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.55.129.1980
- ^ Scholl, David; Creager, Joe; Boyce, Robert; Echols, Ronald; Fullam, Timothy; Grow, John; Koizumi, Itaru; Lee, Homa; Ling, Hsin Yi; Supko, Peter; Worsley, Thomas (1973). "Site 192". Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 19. Vol. 19. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.19.111.1973.
- ^ Regelous, M.; Hofmann, A.W.; Abouchami, W; Galer, J.G. (2003-01-01). "Geochemistry of Lavas from the Emperor Seamounts, and the Geochemical Evolution of Hawaiian Magmatism from 85 to 42 Ma". Journal of Petrology. 44 (1): 113–140. doi:10.1093/petrology/44.1.113. ISSN 1460-2415.