Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3

GRM3
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3SM9, 4XAR, 5CNK, 5CNM
Identifiers
Aliases	GRM3, GLUR3, GPRC1C, MGLUR3, mGlu3, glutamate metabotropic receptor 3
External IDs	OMIM: 601115; MGI: 1351340; HomoloGene: 651; GeneCards: GRM3; OMA:GRM3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (human)
End	86,864,879 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	endothelial cell; ; middle frontal gyrus; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; corpus callosum; ; Brodmann area 46; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; Brodmann area 10; ; putamen; ; orbitofrontal cortex; ; Region I of hippocampus proper;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	glutamate receptor activity; group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity; calcium channel regulator activity; signal transducer activity; G protein-coupled receptor activity;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; axon; neuron projection; dendritic spine; postsynaptic membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; postsynaptic density; membrane; plasma membrane; presynaptic membrane; glutamatergic synapse; integral component of postsynaptic membrane; integral component of presynaptic membrane;
Biological process	negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity; signal transduction; chemical synaptic transmission; regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway; G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2913
	108069
	ENSG00000198822
	ENSMUSG00000003974
	Q14832
	Q9QYS2
	NM_000840; NM_001363522
	NM_181850
	NP_000831; NP_001350451
	NP_862898
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGluR3) is an inhibitory G_i/G₀-coupled G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)^[4] generally localized to presynaptic sites of neurons in classical circuits.^[5] However, in higher cortical circuits in primates, mGluR3 are localized post-synaptically, where they strengthen rather than weaken synaptic connectivity.^[6] In humans, mGluR3 is encoded by the GRM3 gene.^[7]^[8] Deficits in mGluR3 signaling have been linked to impaired cognition in humans,^[9] and to increased risk of schizophrenia,^[10] consistent with their expanding role in cortical evolution.

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198822 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ambrosini A, Bresciani L, Fracchia S, Brunello N, Racagni G (May 1995). "Metabotropic glutamate receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and prevent neurotoxicity in mesencephalic neurons in vitro" (abstract). Molecular Pharmacology. 47 (5): 1057–64. PMID 7746273.
^ Shigemoto R, Kinoshita A, Wada E, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Takada M, et al. (October 1997). "Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (19): 7503–22. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997. PMC 6573434. PMID 9295396.
^ Jin LE, Wang M, Galvin VC, Lightbourne TC, Conn PJ, Arnsten AF, Paspalas CD (March 2018). "mGluR2 versus mGluR3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Primate Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Postsynaptic mGluR3 Strengthen Working Memory Networks". Cerebral Cortex. 28 (3): 974–987. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx005. PMC 5974790. PMID 28108498.
^ Scherer SW, Duvoisin RM, Kuhn R, Heng HH, Belloni E, Tsui LC (January 1996). "Localization of two metabotropic glutamate receptor genes, GRM3 and GRM8, to human chromosome 7q". Genomics. 31 (2): 230–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0036. PMID 8824806.
^ "Entrez Gene: GRM3 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3".
^ Zink CF, Barker PB, Sawa A, Weinberger DR, Wang M, Quillian H, Ulrich WS, Chen Q, Jaffe AE, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Prettyman GE, Giegerich M, Carta K, van Ginkel M, Bigos KL (December 2020). "Association of Missense Mutation in FOLH1 With Decreased NAAG Levels and Impaired Working Memory Circuitry and Cognition". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 177 (12): 1129–1139. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19111152. PMID 33256444. S2CID 227243375.
^ Saini SM, Mancuso SG, Mostaid MS, Liu C, Pantelis C, Everall IP, Bousman CA (August 2017). "Meta-analysis supports GWAS-implicated link between GRM3 and schizophrenia risk". Translational Psychiatry. 7 (8): e1196. doi:10.1038/tp.2017.172. PMC 5611739. PMID 28786982.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000198822 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[3] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Ambrosini-4] Ambrosini A, Bresciani L, Fracchia S, Brunello N, Racagni G (May 1995). "Metabotropic glutamate receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and prevent neurotoxicity in mesencephalic neurons in vitro" (abstract). Molecular Pharmacology. 47 (5): 1057–64. PMID 7746273.

[Shigemoto-5] Shigemoto R, Kinoshita A, Wada E, Nomura S, Ohishi H, Takada M, et al. (October 1997). "Differential presynaptic localization of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in the rat hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17 (19): 7503–22. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07503.1997. PMC 6573434. PMID 9295396.

[Jin-6] Jin LE, Wang M, Galvin VC, Lightbourne TC, Conn PJ, Arnsten AF, Paspalas CD (March 2018). "mGluR2 versus mGluR3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Primate Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Postsynaptic mGluR3 Strengthen Working Memory Networks". Cerebral Cortex. 28 (3): 974–987. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx005. PMC 5974790. PMID 28108498.

[pmid8824806-7] Scherer SW, Duvoisin RM, Kuhn R, Heng HH, Belloni E, Tsui LC (January 1996). "Localization of two metabotropic glutamate receptor genes, GRM3 and GRM8, to human chromosome 7q". Genomics. 31 (2): 230–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0036. PMID 8824806.

[entrez-8] "Entrez Gene: GRM3 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3".

[Zink-9] Zink CF, Barker PB, Sawa A, Weinberger DR, Wang M, Quillian H, Ulrich WS, Chen Q, Jaffe AE, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Prettyman GE, Giegerich M, Carta K, van Ginkel M, Bigos KL (December 2020). "Association of Missense Mutation in FOLH1 With Decreased NAAG Levels and Impaired Working Memory Circuitry and Cognition". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 177 (12): 1129–1139. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19111152. PMID 33256444. S2CID 227243375.

[Saini_2017-10] Saini SM, Mancuso SG, Mostaid MS, Liu C, Pantelis C, Everall IP, Bousman CA (August 2017). "Meta-analysis supports GWAS-implicated link between GRM3 and schizophrenia risk". Translational Psychiatry. 7 (8): e1196. doi:10.1038/tp.2017.172. PMC 5611739. PMID 28786982.

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