Mexican Americans

Mexican Americans
Mexicano-estadounidenses
Percent of population of Mexican descent in 2010[1]
Total population
10,697,374 (by birth, 2021)[2]
37,414,772 (by ancestry, 2022)[3]
11.2% of total US population, 2022[3]
Regions with significant populations
(also growing/emerging populations in
Languages
Religion
Majority
Catholicism[10]
Minority
Protestantism, Evangelical Christianity, Jehovah's Witnesses, Sikhi, Irreligion[11]
Related ethnic groups
Hispanos (Californios, Neomexicanos, Tejanos, Floridanos), Chicanos, Afro-Mexicans, Blaxicans, Indigenous Mexican Americans, Native Americans in the United States, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Punjabi Mexican Americans
Part of a series on
Chicanos and Mexican Americans
Mexican America
Terms
Identity
Concepts
History
Early-American Period
Pre-Chicano Movement
Chicano Movement
Post-Chicano Period
Culture
Language
Food
Music
Symbols
Literature
Literature
Autobiographical
Novels
Poetry and Short Stories
Chicano studies
Fields
Organizations
Texts
Theory
Visual art
Visual Art
Art Collectives
Art organizations
Locations
Law
Supreme Court cases
Federal Court cases
Population
Population by City
Multiethnic
Lists
Part of a series on
Hispanic and
Latino Americans
National origin groups
History
Americans by ancestry
Political movements
Organizations
Culture
Languages
Ethnic groups
Lists

Mexican Americans (Spanish: mexicano-estadounidenses, mexico-americanos, or estadounidenses de origen mexicano) are Americans of Mexican heritage.[12] In 2022, Mexican Americans comprised 11.2% of the US population and 58.9% of all Hispanic and Latino Americans.[3] In 2019, 71% of Mexican Americans were born in the United States.[13] Mexicans born outside the US make up 53% of the total population of foreign-born Hispanic Americans and 25% of the total foreign-born population.[14] Chicano is a term used by some to describe the unique identity held by Mexican-Americans. The United States is home to the second-largest Mexican community in the world (24% of the entire Mexican-origin population of the world), behind only Mexico.[15]

Most Mexican Americans reside in the Southwest, with more than 60% of Mexican Americans living in the states of California and Texas.[16][17][18][19][20][21] They have varying degrees of indigenous and European ancestry, with the latter being of mostly Spanish origins.[22] Those of indigenous ancestry descend from one or more of the over 60 indigenous groups in Mexico (approximately 200,000 people in California alone).[23]

It is estimated that approximately 10% of the current Mexican-American population are descended from residents of the Spanish Empire and later Mexico, which preceded the acquisition of their territories by the United States; such groups include New Mexican Hispanos, Tejanos of Texas, and Californios. They became US citizens in 1848 through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the Mexican–American War. Mexicans living in the United States after the treaty was signed were forced to choose between keeping their Mexican citizenship or becoming a US citizen. Few chose to leave their homes, despite the changes in national government.[1] The majority of these Hispanophone populations eventually adopted English as their first language and became Americanized.[24] Also called Hispanos, these descendants of independent Mexico from the early-to-middle 19th century differentiate themselves culturally from the population of Mexican Americans whose ancestors arrived in the American Southwest after the Mexican Revolution.[25][26] The number of Mexican immigrants in the United States has sharply risen in recent decades.[27]

  1. ^ a b García, Justin (2013). "Mexican Americans". Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia. doi:10.4135/9781452276274.n570. ISBN 9781452216836. S2CID 153137775.
  2. ^ "B05006 PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES – 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  3. ^ a b c "B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN – United States – 2022 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2022.
  4. ^ Frazier, John W.; Tettey-Fio, Eugene L.; Henry, Norah F. (29 December 2016). Race, Ethnicity, and Place in a Changing America, Third Edition. SUNY Press. p. 53. ISBN 9781438463292.
  5. ^ Newby, Rick (2004). The Rocky Mountain Region. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 334. ISBN 9780313328176.
  6. ^ Gutiérrez, Verónica F.; Wallace, Steven P.; Castañeda, Xóchitl (October 2004). "Demographic Profile of Mexican Immigrants in the United States". UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.
  7. ^ Cohen, Saul Bernard (25 November 2014). Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 137. ISBN 9781442223516.
  8. ^ Zong, Jie; Batalova, Jeanne (October 5, 2018). "Mexican Immigrants in the United States". Migration Policy Institute.
  9. ^ Montero-Sieburth, Martha; Meléndez, Edwin (2007). Latinos in a Changing Society. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 59. ISBN 9780275962333.
  10. ^ Donoso, Juan Carlos (8 December 2014). On religion, Mexicans are more Catholic and often more traditional than Mexican Americans.
  11. ^ Among U.S. Latinos, Catholicism Continues to Decline but is Still the Largest Faith. 13 April 2023.
  12. ^ "Mexican american". Dictionary.com. a citizen or resident of the U.S. of Mexican birth or descent; Chicano
  13. ^ "B05006 PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES – 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2019. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference invsn was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile, 2011". 2.statcan.gc.ca. 2013-05-08. Retrieved 2014-03-24.
  16. ^ "Table 4. Top Five States for Detailed Hispanic or Latino Origin Groups With a Population Size of One Million or More in the United States: 2010" (PDF). The Hispanic Population 2010. US Census Bureau. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
  17. ^ "Gale – Product Login".
  18. ^ Gallardo, Miguel E. "Chicano". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  19. ^ Montoya, Maceo (2016). Chicano Movement For Beginners. For Beginners. pp. 3–5. ISBN 9781939994646.
  20. ^ Borunda, Rose; Martinez, Lorena Magdalena (September 2020). "Strategies for Defusing Contemporary Weapons in the Ongoing War Against Xicanx Children and Youth". Contemporary School Psychology. 24 (3): 266–278. doi:10.1007/s40688-020-00312-x. S2CID 225409343.
  21. ^ Zepeda, Susy (15 March 2020). "Decolonizing Xicana/x Studies: Healing the Susto of De-indigenization". Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies. 45 (1): 225–242. doi:10.1525/azt.2020.45.1.225. S2CID 267016181.
  22. ^ "TSHA | Mexican Americans".
  23. ^ Cengel, Katya (June 25, 2013). "The Other Mexicans". National Geographic. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
  24. ^ Mexican Americans – MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009.
  25. ^ "Contested Landscapes". Archived from the original on 30 April 2008.
  26. ^ "김프로의 건강 관리법 – 건강과 웰빙에 대한 블로그". 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 6 October 2007.
  27. ^ Borjas, George; Katz, Lawrence (April 2005). The Evolution of the Mexican-Born Workforce in the United States (Report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. doi:10.3386/w11281.