The mid-24th century BCE climate anomaly is the period, between 2354 and 2345 BCE, of consistently reduced annual temperatures that are reconstructed from consecutive abnormally narrow, Irish oak tree rings. These tree rings are indicative of a period of catastrophically reduced growth in Irish trees during that period. This range of dates also matches the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in the British Isles and a period of widespread societal collapse in the Near East. It has been proposed that this anomalous downturn in the climate might have been the result of comet debris suspended in the atmosphere.[1][2]
In 1997, Marie-Agnès Courty proposed that a natural disaster involving wildfires, floods, and an air blast of over 100 megatons occurred about 2350 BCE. This proposal is based on unusual "dust" deposits which have been reported from archaeological sites in Mesopotamia that are a few hundred kilometres from each other.[3] In later papers, Courty subsequently revised the date of this event from 2350 BCE to 2000 BCE.[4][5]
Based only upon the analysis of satellite imagery, Umm al Binni lake in southern Iraq has been suggested as a possible extraterrestrial impact crater and possible cause of this natural disaster.[6][7] More recent sources have argued for a formation of the lake through the subsidence of the underlying basementfault blocks.[8][9] Baillie and McAneney's 2015 discussion of this climate anomaly discusses its abnormally narrow Irish tree rings and the anomalous dust deposits of Courty. However, this paper lacks any mention of Umm al Binni lake.[2]
^Baillie, Michael G. L. (2007). "Tree-rings indicate global environmental downturns that could have been caused by comet debris". Comet/asteroid impacts and human society. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 105–122.
^Courty, M.-A. (1998). Peiser, B. J.; Palmer, T.; Bailey, M. E. (eds.). "The soil record of an exceptional event at 4000 BP in the Middle East". Natural catastrophes during Bronze Age civilisations: archaeological, geological, astronomical and cultural Perspectives. British Archaeological Reports S728. Oxford: Archaeopress: 93–108.
^Courty, M.-A. (2001). "Evidence at Tell Brak for the Late EDIII/Early Akkadian Air Blast Event (4 kyr B.P.)". In Oates, D.; Oates, J.; McDonald, H. (eds.). Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 2: Nagar in the Third Millennium B.C. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 367–372.
^Master, S.; Woldai, T. (2007). Bobrowsky, P.; Rickmann, H. (eds.). "Umm al Binni structure, southern, as a postulated late Holocene meteorite impact crater: new satellite imagery, and proposals for future research". Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.