Min Kuo Jih Pao

The Min Kuo Jih Pao[1][2] (simplified Chinese: 民国日报; traditional Chinese: 民國日報), or the Republican Daily News,[1] was a Chinese-language daily newspaper published from 1916 to 1947. It was founded in Shanghai by Chen Qimei and others on 22 January 1916, and had Ye Chucan and Shao Lizi as its chief editors. Initially, it served as the primary publication for the Chinese Revolutionary Party before transitioning to the official party newspaper of the Kuomintang (KMT).[3] The newspaper pioneered a management model where the chief editor assumed full responsibility, breaking away from the traditional practice of newspaper operations being dominated by a managerial figure.[4]

At its inception, the Min Kuo Jih Pao was dedicated to opposing Yuan Shikai, actively supporting the Constitutional Protection Movement, and criticising the Beiyang Government.[5] During the May Fourth Movement, it urged various sectors of society to strike and boycott in protest, adopting a radical stance in the subsequent New Culture Movement by exploring issues such as gender equality, women's liberation, and Marxism–Leninism. After Sun Yat-sen's death, control of the newspaper shifted to the Western Hills Conference faction, leading to the Nationalist Party's central committee reorganising the paper in 1926. Following the 12 April Incident, its editorial stance closely aligned with the Nanjing Nationalist Government. In 1932, the newspaper was shut down by the Public Concession authorities following Japanese accusations of disrespectful language towards the Emperor, becoming a catalyst for the January 28 Incident. After the incident, it resumed publication as the Min Pao (simplified Chinese: 民报; traditional Chinese: 民報) until the Battle of Shanghai in 1937. Post-war, it was republished under the name Min Kuo Jih Pao until January 1947.[6]

Between 1916 and 1932, the Shanghai-based Min Kuo Jih Pao had a significant impact on Chinese society and,[7] along with Ta Kung Pao, Shun Pao, and Yi Shih Pao, was renowned as one of the "Four Major Newspapers of the Republic of China." Its supplement, "Awakening," was one of the four major supplements during the New Culture Movement.[8][5] In the 1920s, numerous provincial, municipal, and county branches of KMT established local editions of the Min Kuo Jih Pao, making it the official organ of the local party branches.[5]

  1. ^ a b Yamamoto, Tatsuro; Yamamoto, Sumiko (1953). "II. The Anti-Christian Movement in China, 1922-1927". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 12 (2): 133–147. doi:10.2307/2941975. ISSN 0363-6917. JSTOR 2941975. S2CID 162807160. Archived from the original on 2023-02-21. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  2. ^ "Memorandum by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs (Hamilton)". Foreign Relations of the United States Diplomatic Papers, 1932, The Far East, Volume III. 1932. Archived from the original on 2024-02-02. Retrieved 2024-02-02.
  3. ^ "谁能读懂这本《民国日报》". 周口日报 (in Simplified Chinese). 2009-10-21. Archived from the original on 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-01-31 – via 中华龙都网.
  4. ^ 倪红. "民国时期上海新闻管理简况". 上海档案信息网 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  5. ^ a b c 冯杰；段金萍 (2018). "《民国日报》社评主旨演变略识" (PDF). In 朱庆葆 (ed.). 民国研究 (PDF) (in Simplified Chinese). 社会科学文献出版社. pp. 199–209. ISBN 9787520140447. Archived from the original on 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  6. ^ 王毅 (2006). "浅析《民国日报》的发展历程". 广西大学学报(哲学社会科学版) (in Simplified Chinese) (S2): 22–23.
  7. ^ 袁义勤 (1989). "上海《民国日报》简介". 新闻研究资料 (in Simplified Chinese) (1): 132–147.
  8. ^ "民国侮辱总统案：徐世昌是日本人的孙子". 中国中央电视台 (in Simplified Chinese). 2008-01-12. Archived from the original on 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-01-31.