Miniaturization

This article is about the common change in machinery. For the science fiction element, see Size change in fiction.
Battery chargers for successive generations of Apple's iPod

Miniaturization (Br.Eng.: miniaturisation) is the trend to manufacture ever-smaller mechanical, optical, and electronic products and devices. Examples include miniaturization of mobile phones, computers and vehicle engine downsizing. In electronics, the exponential scaling and miniaturization of silicon MOSFETs (MOS transistors)[1][2][3] leads to the number of transistors on an integrated circuit chip doubling every two years,[4][5] an observation known as Moore's law.[6][7] This leads to MOS integrated circuits such as microprocessors and memory chips being built with increasing transistor density, faster performance, and lower power consumption, enabling the miniaturization of electronic devices.[8][3]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Motoyoshi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race - CHM Revolution". Computer History Museum. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b Colinge, Jean-Pierre; Colinge, C. A. (2005). Physics of Semiconductor Devices. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 165. ISBN 9780387285238.
  4. ^ Siozios, Kostas; Anagnostos, Dimitrios; Soudris, Dimitrios; Kosmatopoulos, Elias (2018). IoT for Smart Grids: Design Challenges and Paradigms. Springer. p. 167. ISBN 9783030036409.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference eetimes was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Moore1965paper was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference IntelInterview was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Sridharan, K.; Pudi, Vikramkumar (2015). Design of Arithmetic Circuits in Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Nanotechnology. Springer. p. 1. ISBN 9783319166889.