Mitotic exit

Mitotic exit is an important transition point that signifies the end of mitosis and the onset of new G1 phase for a cell, and the cell needs to rely on specific control mechanisms to ensure that once it exits mitosis, it never returns to mitosis until it has gone through G1, S, and G2 phases and passed all the necessary checkpoints. Many factors including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), ubiquitin ligases, inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, and reversible phosphorylations regulate mitotic exit to ensure that cell cycle events occur in correct order with fewest errors.[1] The end of mitosis is characterized by spindle breakdown, shortened kinetochore microtubules, and pronounced outgrowth of astral (non-kinetochore) microtubules. For a normal eukaryotic cell, mitotic exit is irreversible.[2]

  1. ^ Erich A. Nigg (2005). "Cyclin-dependent protein kinases: key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle". BioEssays. 17 (6): 471–480. doi:10.1002/bies.950170603. PMID 7575488. S2CID 44307473.
  2. ^ Sandra Lo´pez-Avile´s, Orsolya Kapuy, Be´la Nova´k, Frank Uhlmann (2009). "Irreversibility of mitotic exit is the consequence of systems-level feedback". Nature Letters. 459 (7246): 592–595. Bibcode:2009Natur.459..592L. doi:10.1038/nature07984. PMC 2817895. PMID 19387440.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)