Catholicos Mkrtich I of Van Մկրտիչ Խրիմյան (Խրիմյան Հայրիկ) | |
|---|---|
| Catholicos of All Armenians | |
.jpg) A photograph of Khrimian by Garegin Hovsepian[1] | |
| Church | Armenian Apostolic Church |
| See | Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin |
| Elected | 5 May 1892 |
| Installed | 26 September 1893 |
| Term ended | 29 October 1907 |
| Predecessor | Magar I |
| Successor | Matthew II Izmirlian |
| Previous post(s) |
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| Personal details | |
| Born | Mkrtich Khrimian 4 April 1820 Van, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 29 October 1907 (aged 87) Etchmiadzin, Erivan Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Buried | Etchmiadzin Cathedral |
| Nationality | |
| Occupation |
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Mkrtich Khrimian[a] (classical Armenian: Մկրտիչ Խրիմեան, reformed: Մկրտիչ Խրիմյան; 4 April 1820 – 29 October 1907) was an Armenian Apostolic Church leader, educator, and publisher who served as Catholicos of All Armenians from 1893 to 1907. During this period he was known as Mkrtich I of Van (Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի, Mkrtich A Vanetsi).
A native of Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia, Khrimian became a celibate priest (vardapet) in 1854 after the death of his wife and daughter. In the 1850s and 1860s he served as the abbot of two important monasteries in Turkish Armenia: Varagavank near Van and Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush. During this period he established schools and journals in both monasteries. He served as Patriarch of Constantinople—the most influential figure within the Ottoman Armenian community—from 1869 to 1873 and resigned due to pressure from the Ottoman government which saw him as a threat. He was the head of the Armenian delegation at the 1878 Congress of Berlin. Returning from Europe, he encouraged Armenian peasants to follow the example of Christian Balkan peoples by launching an armed struggle for autonomy or independence from the Ottoman Turks.
Between 1879 and 1885 he served as prelate of Van, after which he was forced into exile to Jerusalem. He was elected as head of the Armenian Church in 1892, however, he was enthroned more than a year later and served in that position until his death. He opposed the Russian government's attempt to confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church in 1903, which was later canceled in part due to his efforts. Khrimian further endorsed the liberation movement of the Armenian revolutionaries.
He is a towering figure in modern Armenian history and has been affectionately called Khrimian Hayrik[b] (hayrik is diminutive for "father").[7] A well-known defender of Armenian interests and aspirations, his progressive activities are seen as having laid the groundwork for the rise of Armenian nationalism and the consequent national liberation movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- ^ "Ամենայն հայոց կաթողիկոս Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի". treasury.am (in Armenian). Archived from the original on 29 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
Հեղինակ՝ լուսանկարիչ Գարեգին Հովսեփյան
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Kostandyan 2006, pp. 84–85.
- ^ Vartooguian 1896, p. 91.
- ^ Tekkoyun 2011, p. 53.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Hrimyanwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Kırımyanwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Sheklian, Christopher (2014). "Venerating the Saints, Remembering the City: Armenian Memorial Practices and Community Formation in Contemporary Istanbul". In Agadjanian, Alexander (ed.). Armenian Christianity Today: Identity Politics and Popular Practice. Ashgate Publishing. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4724-1271-3.
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