Modern methods of construction (MMC) is a term used mainly in the UK construction industry to refer to "smart construction" processes designed to improve upon traditional design and construction approaches by focusing on (among other things) component and process standardisation, design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA), prefabrication, preassembly, off-site manufacture (including modular building) and onsite innovations such as additive manufacture (3D printing). While such modern approaches may be applied to infrastructure works (bridges, tunnels, etc.) and to commercial or industrial buildings, MMC has become particularly associated with construction of residential housing. However, several specialist housing businesses established to target this market did not become commercially viable.