Mongol invasion of Java

Mongol invasion of Java
Part of the Mongol invasions and conquests and Kublai Khan's campaigns

Mongol invasion of Java in 1293
Date22 January 1293–early August 1293[1]
Location
East Java: the city of Daha and Majapahit, along the Brantas River and Mas River
Result Majapahit victory
Territorial
changes		 Establishment of the Majapahit Empire
Belligerents
Yuan dynasty
Majapahit Empire (before Kediri defeat)		 Kediri Kingdom Majapahit (after Kediri defeat)
Commanders and leaders
Strength
20,000[4]–30,000[5] 10,000[6][7][a][b]–100,000+[c] 10,000–20,000[6][7][d]
Casualties and losses
 5,000 dead[10][11] Unknown

The Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan attempted in 1293 to invade Java, an island in modern Indonesia, with 20,000[12] to 30,000 soldiers.[5] This was intended as a punitive expedition against Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of their emissaries. However, in the intervening years between Kertanegara's refusal and the expedition's arrival on Java, Kertanegara had been killed and Singhasari had been usurped by Kediri. Thus, the Yuan expeditionary force was directed to obtain the submission of its successor state, Kediri, instead. After a fierce campaign, Kediri surrendered, but the Yuan forces were betrayed by their erstwhile ally, Majapahit, under Raden Wijaya. In the end, the invasion ended with Yuan failure and strategic victory for the new state, Majapahit.

  1. ^ Hung et al. 2022, p. 7.
  2. ^ Spuler, Bertold; F.R.C. Bagley (31 December 1981). The Muslim world : a historical survey, Part 4. Brill Archive. p. 244. ISBN 978-90-04-06196-5.
  3. ^ Coedès, George (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  4. ^ Weatherford, Jack (2004), Genghis khan and the making of the modern world, New York: Random House, p. 239, ISBN 0-609-80964-4
  5. ^ a b Bade 2013, p. 45.
  6. ^ a b Poesponegoro & Notosusanto 2019, p. 452.
  7. ^ a b Miksic 2013, p. 185.
  8. ^ a b Bade 2013, p. 235, 237.
  9. ^ Nugroho 2011, p. 119.
  10. ^ Nugroho 2011, p. 115, 118.
  11. ^ Groeneveldt 1876, p. 24.
  12. ^ Weatherford, Jack (2004), Genghis khan and the making of the modern world, New York: Random House, p. 239, ISBN 0-609-80964-4


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