Mongol invasions and conquests

Asia
Central Asia	Qara Khitai; Khwarezm;
West Asia	Caucassus; Anatolia; Persia Nizari state; ; Baghdad; Levant Palestine; ;
East Asia	China Western Xia; Jin; Eastern Xia; Song; ; Tibet; Korea; Sakhalin; Japan;
Southeast Asia	Vietnam; Burma (First, Second); Java;
Other invasions	India; Siberia;
Europe
	Kievan Rus; Volga Bulgaria; Cumania; Durdzuketi; Circassia; Alania; Poland and Bohemia (First, Second, Third); Hungary and Croatia (First, Second); Holy Roman Empire; Bulgaria and Serbia; Latin Empire; Lithuania; Byzantine Thrace; Serbia; Gazaria;

Mongol invasions and conquests
	; The Mongol Empire at its greatest extent (1206–1294)
Date	1206–1368 (162 years)
Location	Eurasia
Result	Mongol victory: Establishment of the Mongol Empire[citation needed]; Destruction of the Jin Dynasty, Western Xia, Khwarazmian Empire, and Seljuk Sultanate of Rum[citation needed]; Devastation of Eastern Europe, including Kievan Rus', Hungary, Poland, and the Balkans[citation needed]; Devastation of the Islamic world, including Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Afghanistan[citation needed]; Destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate and Baghdad[citation needed]; Sack of major cities, including Samarkand, Bukhara, Merv, Nishapur, Baghdad, and Kiev[citation needed]; Vassalization of the Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty, the Tanguts, and numerous other kingdoms and tribes[citation needed]; Establishment of the Pax Mongolica[citation needed];
Casualties and losses
	Total dead: 20–60 million

The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia. Historians regard the Mongol devastation as one of the deadliest episodes in history.^[4]^[5]

^ Ho, Ping-Ti (1970). "An estimate of the total population of Sung-Chin China". Histoire et institutions, 1. pp. 33–54. doi:10.1515/9783111542737-007. ISBN 978-3-11-154273-7. OCLC 8159945824.
^ McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. ISBN 9780140510768.
^ Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population". Academic Press. p.34. ISBN 0-12-765660-X
^ "What Was the Deadliest War in History?". WorldAtlas. 10 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-10-09. Retrieved 2019-02-04.
^ White, M. (2011). Atrocities: The 100 deadliest episodes in human history. WW Norton & Company. p270.

[1] Ho, Ping-Ti (1970). "An estimate of the total population of Sung-Chin China". Histoire et institutions, 1. pp. 33–54. doi:10.1515/9783111542737-007. ISBN 978-3-11-154273-7. OCLC 8159945824.

[2] McEvedy, Colin; Jones, Richard M. (1978). Atlas of World Population History. New York, NY: Puffin. p. 172. ISBN 9780140510768.

[3] Graziella Caselli, Gillaume Wunsch, Jacques Vallin (2005). "Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population". Academic Press. p.34. ISBN 0-12-765660-X

[4] "What Was the Deadliest War in History?". WorldAtlas. 10 September 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-10-09. Retrieved 2019-02-04.

[5] White, M. (2011). Atrocities: The 100 deadliest episodes in human history. WW Norton & Company. p270.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]