| Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies | |
|---|---|
| Signed | December 18, 1979 |
| Location | New York, USA |
| Effective | July 11, 1984 |
| Condition | 5 ratifications |
| Signatories | 11[1] |
| Parties | 17[2][1] (as of May 2024) |
| Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations |
| Languages | English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese |
| Full text | |
 Moon Treaty at Wikisource | |
| International ownership treaties |
|---|
The Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,[3][4] better known as the Moon Treaty or Moon Agreement, is a multilateral treaty that turns jurisdiction of all celestial bodies (including the orbits around such bodies) over to the participant countries. Thus, all activities would conform to international law, including the United Nations Charter.
It has not been ratified by any state that engages in self-launched human spaceflight (e.g. the United States, Russia (or its predecessor the Soviet Union), or the People's Republic of China) since its creation on December 18, 1979, and thus it has little to no relevancy in international law.[5] As of May 2024[update], 17 states are parties to the treaty.[1]
- ^ a b c "Agreement governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies". United Nations. Retrieved 2014-12-05.
- ^ "Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies". United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
- ^ Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. - Resolution 34/68 Adopted by the General Assembly. 89th plenary meeting; 5 December 1979.
- ^ Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, Dec. 5, 1979, 1363 U.N.T.S. 3
- ^ "Institutional Framework for the Province of all Mankind: Lessons from the International Seabed Authority for the Governance of Commercial Space Mining.] Jonathan Sydney Koch. "Institutional Framework for the Province of all Mankind: Lessons from the International Seabed Authority for the Governance of Commercial Space Mining." Astropolitics, 16:1, 1-27, 2008. doi:10.1080/14777622.2017.1381824