Mughal conquest of Kashmir

Mughal conquest of Kashmir
War of Kashmiri Independence
Part of the Mughal Conquests

The Pir Panjal was a frequent battleground for the conflicting forces
Date20 December 1585 – 8 August 1589
Location
Present-day states of Jammu and Kashmir (India) and Azad Kashmir (Pakistan)
Result Mughal victory
Territorial
changes		 Annexation of Kashmir Valley
Belligerents
Mughal Empire
Supported by:
Maqpon Kingdom
Jammu Kingdom		 Kashmir Sultanate
Supported by:
Kishtwar Kingdom
Commanders and leaders

Jalal-ud-din Akbar

Bhagwant Das
Shah Quli Mahram
Qasim Khan
Yusuf Khan Rizvi
Mirza Shah Rukh
Ali Akbar Shahi
Fath Khan

Yousuf Shah Chak  Surrendered
Yakub Shah Chak  Surrendered

Shams Chak  Surrendered
Hussain Chak  Executed
Qasim Nayak  †
Zafar Nayak  †
Muhammad Chak  †
Naurang Chak  †
Yaqub Sarfi (AWOL)
Haidar Chak (AWOL)
Lohar Chak (AWOL)
Strength

Under Bhagwant Das:

  • 20,000–25,000 infantry
  • ~5,000 musketeer
  • 5,000 cavalry

Under Mirza Shah Rukh:

  • ~20,000 (total)

Under Qasim Khan:

  • 15,000 infantry
  • 5,000–6,000 cavalry
  • ~2,000 musketeer

Under Yusuf Khan Rizvi:

  • ~20,000 (total)

At Buliasa Pass:

  • 25,000 infantry
  • 15,000 cavalry
  • 7,000 musketeer

Battle of Hastivanj:

  • 5,000–10,000 infantry
  • 2,000 musketeer

At Hanjik Fort:

  • 30,000 infantry
  • 10,000 cavalry
  • 5,000–10,000 musketeer
Casualties and losses
Low (at Buliasa)
Heavy (at Hastivanj)
Heavy (at Hanjik)		 Low to Medium (at Buliasa)
Heavy (at Hastivanj)
Low (at Hanjik)

The Mughal conquest of Kashmir[a] also known as War of Kashmiri Independence,[b][c][1][2][3] was an invasion of the Kashmir Sultanate by the Mughal Empire in 1585–1589.[4] After severe fighting and heavy casualties, the Mughals defeated the Kashmiris in the Battle of Hastivanj (10 October 1586)[5] and annexed the sultanate into their empire as the Sarkar of Kashmir.[citation needed] Armed struggle against the Mughals continued until Yakub Shah's surrender in 1589.


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  1. ^ Ansari, Zoya (2023-07-04). "Mughal Rule In Kashmir". ARY NEWS. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  2. ^ "Mughal Dynasty". Kashmir Through Ages. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  3. ^ Faysal, Muhammad (2017-04-30). "From Akbar to Modi, Kashmiris have a history of pelting stones at oppressors". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2024-06-25.
  4. ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2023-09-26). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 175. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.
  5. ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2023-09-26). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 187. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN 978-1-032-66670-9.