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Muhammad Speaks was a Black Muslim newspaper published in the United States.[1] It was one of the most widely read newspapers ever produced by an African American organization.[2] It was the official newspaper of the Nation of Islam from 1960 to 1975, founded by a group of Elijah Muhammad's ministers, including Malcolm X.[3]
After Elijah Muhammad's death in 1975, it was renamed several times after Warith Deen Mohammed moved the Nation of Islam into mainstream Sunni Islam, culminating in The Muslim Journal.[3] A number of rival journals were also published, including The Final Call under Louis Farrakhan, claiming to continue the message of the original.[4]
- ^ Danky, James Philip; Hady, Maureen E. (1998). African-American newspapers and periodicals : a national bibliography. Mark Graham. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press. p. 378. ISBN 978-0-674-00788-8.
- ^ Wolseley, Roland (1990). The Black Press, U.S.A. Ames: Iowa State University Press. pp. 90. ISBN 978-0813804965.
- ^ a b Washington, C. Eric (1994), The Black Muslims in America, Third Edition, William B. (Grand Rapids, Michigan: history Publishing Company), pp. 127–129.[ISBN missing]
- ^ Gardell, Mathias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 140.