Multiboot specification

The Multiboot specification is an open standard describing how a boot loader can load an x86 operating system kernel.[1][2] The specification allows any compliant boot-loader implementation to boot any compliant operating-system kernel. Thus, it allows different operating systems and boot loaders to work together and interoperate, without the need for operating system–specific boot loaders. As a result, it also allows easier coexistence of different operating systems on a single computer, which is also known as multi-booting.

The specification was originally created in 1995 and developed by the Free Software Foundation. GNU Hurd, VMware ESXi, Xen, and L4 microkernels all need to be booted using this method. GNU GRUB is the reference implementation used in the GNU operating system and other operating systems.[3]  As of July 2019, the latest version of Multiboot specification is 0.6.96, defined in 2009.[2] An incompatible second iteration with UEFI support, Multiboot2 specification, was later introduced. As of April 2019, the latest version of Multiboot2 is 2.0, defined in 2016.[4]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference netbsd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Ford, Bryan; Boleyn, Erich Stefan; FSF (2009). "Multiboot specification" (0.6.96 ed.). GNU. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
  3. ^ "Booting with GRUB". OSDEV. June 25, 2006. Archived from the original on December 28, 2008.
  4. ^ "Multiboot2 Specification version 2.0". www.gnu.org. Retrieved 7 April 2019.