 | This article needs to be updated. (July 2024) |
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal متحدہ مجلسِ عمل | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Fazl-ur-Rahman |
| Founder | Qazi Hussain Ahmad |
| Founded | 2002 (initial) 14 December 2017 (refounded) |
| Ideology | Islamism[1] Islamic conservatism[2] Social conservatism[3] |
| Political position | Right-wing[4] to far-right[5] |
| Religion | Islam |
| National affiliation | Pakistan Democratic Movement |
| Colors | Green, White, Black |
| Election symbol | |
Book | |
| Member parties' flags | |
   | |
The Muttahida Majlis–e–Amal (MMA; Urdu: متحدہ مجلسِ عمل, lit. 'United Assembly of Action') is a political alliance consisting of conservative, Islamist, religious, and right-wing parties of Pakistan. Naeem Siddiqui (the founder of Tehreek e Islami) proposed such an alliance of all the religious parties back in the 1990s.[6]
Qazi Hussain Ahmad endeavored for it and due to his efforts, it was formed in 2002 in a direct opposition to the policies led by President Pervez Musharraf to support for the War in Afghanistan. The alliance more densely consolidated its position during the nationwide general elections held in 2002. The JUI(F) led by its leader, the cleric Fazl-ur-Rahman, retained most of the political momentum in the alliance. The MMA retained the provisional government of Khyber–Pakhtunkhwa and remained in alliance with PMLQ in Balochistan. Much public criticism and disapproval nonetheless grew against the alliance.
Despite its conservatism, the alliance survived for a short period of time, when the JUI(F) left the alliance over the political disagreement on the issues of boycotting the general elections held in 2008. The JUI(F) later becoming an integral part in the government led by the left-wing Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and refused to revive the alliance in 2012, before the upcoming 2013 elections, in opposition to PPP.
- ^ "Islamist parties re-create coalition to 'establish sharia' in Pakistan". Asia Times. 10 April 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ Jocelyne Cesari; José Casanova, eds. (2017). Islam, Gender, and Democracy in Comparative Perspective. Georgetown University Press. p. 101. ISBN 9780191092862.
The ultra-conservative six-party alliance Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA),46 which includes the JI Party, called the Women's ...
- ^ "Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal - fractious religious alliance can punch above its weight". Radio France internationale. 10 April 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
- ^ Mariam Mufti; Sahar Shafqat; Niloufer Siddiqui, eds. (2020). Pakistan's Political Parties: Surviving between Dictatorship and Democracy. Georgetown University Press. p. 101. ISBN 9781626167711.
... of the right-wing religious leadership of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA).
- ^ "Pakistan Elections: Bhutto's PPP, Fazlur Rehman's MMA Locked in Tussle to be Kingmaker". News18. 25 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
- ^ Dr. Abdullah Hashmi, Naeem Siddiqui: Ilmi wo adabi Khidmaat, Adbiyaat Publisher, Rehman Market Ghazni Street Lahore, 2011, pp.618-19