A muzzle blast is an explosive shockwave created at the muzzle of a firearm during shooting. Before a projectile leaves the gun barrel, it obturates the bore and "plugs up" the pressurized gaseous products of the propellant combustion behind it, essentially containing the gases within a closed system as a neutral element in the overall momentum of the system's physics. However, when the projectile exits the barrel, this functional seal is removed and the highly energetic bore gases are suddenly free to exit the muzzle and rapidly expand in the form of a supersonic shockwave (which can often be fast enough to momentarily overtake the projectile and affect its flight dynamics), thus creating the muzzle blast.
The muzzle blast is often broken down into two components: an auditory component[1] and a non-auditory component.[2] The auditory component is the loud "Bang!" sound of the gunshot, and is important because it can cause significant hearing loss to surrounding personnel and also give away the gun's position. The non-auditory component is the infrasonic compression wave, and can cause concussive damage to nearby items.
In addition to the blast itself, some of the gases' energy is also released as light energy, known as a muzzle flash.