Myrmecoleon

Myrmecoleon, from the Hortus Sanitatis of Jacob Meydenbach, 1491

The Myrmecoleon or Ant-lion[1] is a fantastical animal from classical times, possibly derived from an error in the Septuagint version of the book of Job, reappearing in the Greek Christian Physiologus of the 3rd or 4th century A.D.[2][3][4]

It is found in Medieval bestiaries such as the Hortus Sanitatis of Jacob Meydenbach.[5] It is also referenced in some sources as a Formicaleon (Antlion), Formicaleun or Mirmicioleon.[6][7][8][9] Myrmecoleon comes from the Greek words for ant (μύρμηξ [myrmeks]) and lion (λέων [leon]).

Note that the Aberdeen Bestiary describes "There is a stone in the sea which is called in Greek mermecoleon and in Latin concasabea, because it is both hollow and round. It is, moreover, divided into two parts, so that if it wants to, it can close up. The stone lies at the bottom of the sea and comes to life early in the morning. When it rises from its resting-place to the surface of the sea, it opens its mouth and takes in some heavenly dew, and the rays of the sun shine around it; thus there grows within the stone a most precious, shining pearl indeed, conceived from the heavenly dew and given lustre by the rays of the sun."[10]

  1. ^ "Ant-lion". The Medieval Bestiary. Retrieved August 2, 2016.
  2. ^ Swanson, Mark. ""Ant-lion" in the Physiologus".
  3. ^ Kevan, D. K. McE. 1992. Antlion ante Linné: [Myrmekoleon] to Myrmeleon (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleonidae [sic]). Pp. 203-232 in Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology [Symposium held in Bagnères-de-Luchon, France, 1991.] M. Canard, H. Aspöck, and M. W. Mansell, eds. Toulouse.
  4. ^ Gerhardt, M. I. 1965. The ant-lion nature study on the interpretation of a biblical text, from the Physiologus to Albert the Great. Vivarium. 3: p.1-23
  5. ^ Ortus sanitatis. Open Library. OL 25129180M.
  6. ^ Cite error: The named reference Bestiary was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ Swanson, Mark. "Bestiary: Creatures of Myth and Psyche". Retrieved 28 February 2016.
  8. ^ Druce, G. C. 1923. [Myrmekoleon] or Ant-Lion. Pp. 347-363 in The Antiquaries Journal. Vol. III, No. 4. Oxford University Press, London.
  9. ^ Kevan, D. K. McE. 1992. Antlion ante Linné: [Myrmekoleon] to Myrmeleon (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleonidae [sic]). Pp. 203-232 in Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology [Symposium held in Bagnères-de-Luchon, France, 1991.] M. Canard, H. Aspöck, and M. W. Mansell, eds. Toulouse.
  10. ^ "Folio 96r - the adamas stone, continued. De lapide qui dicitur mermecoleon; Of the stone called mermecoleon | The Aberdeen Bestiary | The University of Aberdeen". www.abdn.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-10-05.