NGC 4328

NGC 4328
SDSS image of NGC 4328.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices
Right ascension12h 23m 20.0s[1]
Declination15° 49′ 13″[1]
Redshift0.001616[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity484 km/s[1]
Distance48.4 Mly (14.84 Mpc)[2]
Group or clusterVirgo Cluster (A subgroup)[3]
Apparent magnitude (V)14.3[1]
Characteristics
TypedE1 N,[4]SA0-[1]
Mass2.7×109 (Stellar mass)/5.6×109 (Total Mass)[5] M☉
Size~32,000 ly (9.81 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V)1.22 × 0.98[1]
Other designations
PGC 040209, VCC 0634, MCG +03-32-019[1]
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NGC 4328 is a nucleated dwarf elliptical[6][4][7] or lenticular galaxy[8][9] located about 48 million light-years away based on observations by the Hubble Space Telescope using the TRGB distance indicator.[2] NGC 4328 was discovered on March 21, 1784 by astronomer William Herschel[10] and is a member of the Virgo Cluster[3][11] in the "A'' subgroup.[3] On the sky, NGC 4328 is located in the constellation Coma Berenices.[10]

NGC 4328 is a companion of Messier 100, along with NGC 4323 and lies 78,000 light-years (24 kiloparsecs) from Messier 100.[12][13] A possible passage of NGC 4328 close to Messier 100, may explain the lopsidedness in the southwestern portion of Messier 100. However, there are no strong signs of interactions in the H I distribution of Messier 100 which may be due to an interaction between the two galaxies. Despite this, rescent observations are too shallow to detect tidal streams in the H I distribution of Messier 100 caused by a possible interaction between the two galaxies.[14]

NGC 4328 is host to a supermassive black hole with an estimated mass of 6.1×106 solar masses.[15]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4328. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
  2. ^ a b Anand, Gagandeep S.; Lee, Janice C.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Leroy, Adam K.; Rosolowsky, Erik; Schinnerer, Eva; Larson, Kirsten; Kourkchi, Ehsan; Kreckel, Kathryn; Scheuermann, Fabian; Rizzi, Luca; Thilker, David; Tully, R. Brent; Bigiel, Frank; Blanc, Guillermo A. (2021-03-01). "Distances to PHANGS galaxies: New tip of the red giant branch measurements and adopted distances". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 501 (3): 3621–3639. arXiv:2012.00757. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.501.3621A. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3668. ISSN 0035-8711.
  3. ^ a b c Boselli, A.; Gavazzi, G. (April 2002). "H α surface photometry of galaxies in the Virgo cluster: II. Observations with the OHP and Calar Alto 1.2 m telescopes". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 386 (1): 124–133. Bibcode:2002A&A...386..124B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020215. ISSN 0004-6361.
  4. ^ a b Conselice, Christopher J.; Gallagher, John S., III; Wyse, Rosemary F. G. (2001-10-01). "Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters. I. Dynamics and the Origin of Low-Mass Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster". The Astrophysical Journal. 559 (2): 791–811. arXiv:astro-ph/0105492. Bibcode:2001ApJ...559..791C. doi:10.1086/322373. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Ivkovich, Nina; McCall, Marshall L. (2019-06-01). "Denuded dwarfs demystified: gas loss from dSph progenitors and implications for the minimum mass of galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 486 (2): 1964–1984. arXiv:1903.10141. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.486.1964I. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz895. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. ^ Malin, D. (1992-01-01). "New colour images of dwarf galaxies". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 10 (1): 84. Bibcode:1992PASA...10...84M. ISSN 0066-9997.
  7. ^ Chilingarian, Igor V. (2009-04-01). "Evolution of dwarf early-type galaxies - I. Spatially resolved stellar populations and internal kinematics of Virgo cluster dE/dS0 galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 394 (3): 1229–1248. arXiv:0812.3272. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.394.1229C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14450.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  8. ^ Buta, Ronald J.; Sheth, Kartik; Athanassoula, E.; Bosma, A.; Knapen, Johan H.; Laurikainen, Eija; Salo, Heikki; Elmegreen, Debra; Ho, Luis C.; Zaritsky, Dennis; Courtois, Helene; Hinz, Joannah L.; Muñoz-Mateos, Juan-Carlos; Kim, Taehyun; Regan, Michael W. (2015-04-24). "A CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF GALAXIES IN THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S 4 G)". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 217 (2): 32. arXiv:1501.00454. Bibcode:2015ApJS..217...32B. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/32. hdl:1887/48507. ISSN 1538-4365.
  9. ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  10. ^ a b "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 4300 - 4349". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  11. ^ "Detailed Object Classifications". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  12. ^ Hernandez, Olivier; Wozniak, Herve; Carignan, Claude; Amram, Philippe; Chemin, Laurent; Daigle, Olivier (2005-10-10). "On the Relevance of the Tremaine-Weinberg Method Applied to an Hα Velocity Field: Pattern Speed Determination in M100 (NGC 4321)". The Astrophysical Journal. 632 (1): 253–265. arXiv:astro-ph/0505384. Bibcode:2005ApJ...632..253H. doi:10.1086/431964. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ Urrejola-Mora, Catalina; Gómez, Facundo A.; Torres-Flores, Sergio; Amram, Philippe; Epinat, Benoît; Monachesi, Antonela; Marinacci, Federico; de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes (2022-08-01). "WiNDS: An H α Kinematics Survey of Nearby Spiral Galaxies—Vertical Perturbations in Nearby Disk-type Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 935 (1): 20. arXiv:2206.10051. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac78ec. ISSN 0004-637X.
  14. ^ Gim, Hansung B.; Borthakur, Sanchayeeta; Momjian, Emmanuel; Padave, Mansi; Jansen, Rolf A.; Nelson, Dylan; Heckman, Timothy M.; Kennicutt, Robert C., Jr.; Fox, Andrew J.; Pineda, Jorge L.; Thilker, David; Kauffmann, Guinevere; Tumlinson, Jason (2021-11-01). "DIISC-I: The Discovery of Kinematically Anomalous H I Clouds in M 100". The Astrophysical Journal. 922 (1): 69. arXiv:2109.06247. Bibcode:2021ApJ...922...69G. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2303. ISSN 0004-637X.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Arzoumanian, Zaven; Baker, Paul T.; Brazier, Adam; Brook, Paul R.; Burke-Spolaor, Sarah; Becsy, Bence; Charisi, Maria; Chatterjee, Shami; Cordes, James M.; Cornish, Neil J.; Crawford, Fronefield; Cromartie, H. Thankful; DeCesar, Megan E.; Demorest, Paul B.; Dolch, Timothy (2021-06-01). "The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in Galaxies within 500 Mpc". The Astrophysical Journal. 914 (2): 121. arXiv:2101.02716. Bibcode:2021ApJ...914..121A. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfcd3. ISSN 0004-637X.