Nanjing

For other uses, see Nanjing (disambiguation) or Jiangning (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Nanning in Guangxi or Nanping in Fujian.

Nanjing
南京市
Nanking, Nan-ching
Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city
Nanjing Skyline
Map
Location of Nanjing City jurisdiction in Jiangsu
Location of Nanjing City jurisdiction in Jiangsu
Nanjing is located in Eastern China
Nanjing
Nanjing
Location in China
Nanjing is located in China
Nanjing
Nanjing
Nanjing (China)
Coordinates: 32°03′39″N 118°46′44″E / 32.06083°N 118.77889°E / 32.06083; 118.77889
CountryChina
ProvinceJiangsu
County-level11
Township-level129
Settledunknown (Yecheng, 495 BCE. Jinling City, 333 BCE)
Municipal seatXuanwu District
Government
 • TypeSub-provincial city
 • BodyNanjing Municipal People's Congress [zh]
 • CCP SecretaryHan Liming
 • Congress ChairmanLong Xiang
 • MayorChen Zhichang
 • CPPCC ChairmanLiu Yi'an
Area
[1]
 • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city6,587 km2 (2,543 sq mi)
 • Urban
1,398.69 km2 (540.04 sq mi)
Elevation
20 m (50 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)
 • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city9,341,685
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
 • Urban
9,341,685
 • Metro
9,684,136
DemonymNankinese or Nanjinger[a]
GDP[2]
 • Prefecture-level and sub-provincial cityCN¥ 1.636 trillion
US$ 253.6 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 175,587
US$ 27,223
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (China Standard)
Postal code
210000–211300
Area code25
ISO 3166 codeCN-JS-01
Human Development Index0.859 (very high)
WebsiteCity of Nanjing
City trees
Deodar Cedar (Cedrus deodara),
Platanus × hispanica[3]
City flowers
Méi (Prunus mume)
Nanjing
"Nanjing" in Chinese characters
Chinese南京
PostalNanking
Literal meaning"Southern Capital"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNánjīng
Bopomofoㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
Wade–GilesNan2-ching1
Tongyong PinyinNánjing
IPA[nǎn.tɕíŋ]
Wu
Romanizationnoe平cin平
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationNàahmgīng
Jyutpingnaam4 ging1
IPA[nam˩ kɪŋ˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJLâm-kiaⁿ (col.)
Lâm-king (lit.)
Tâi-lôLâm-kiann (col.)
Lâm-king (lit.)

Nanjing[b] is the capital of Jiangsu province in eastern China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of 6,600 km2 (2,500 sq mi), and as of 2021 a population of 9,423,400.[6] Situated in the Yangtze River Delta region, Nanjing has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capital of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century to 1949,[7] and has thus long been a major center of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism, being the home to one of the world's largest inland ports. The city is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure,[8] enjoying jurisdictional and economic autonomy only slightly less than that of a province.[9] It has also been awarded the title of 2008 Habitat Scroll of Honor of China, Special UN Habitat Scroll of Honor Award and National Civilized City.[10] Nanjing is also considered a Beta (global second-tier) city classification, together with Chongqing, Hangzhou and Tianjin by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[11] and ranked as one of the world's top 100 cities in the Global Financial Centres Index.[12]

As of 2021, Nanjing has 68 institutions of higher learning,[13][14] including 13 double-first-class universities, ten 111-plan universities, eight 211 universities, and 97 academies.[15] Nanjing University, which has a long history, is among the world's top 20 universities ranked by the Nature Index.[16] The ratio of college students to the total population ranks No.1 among large cities nationwide. Nanjing has the sixth-largest scientific research output of any city in the world.[17] As of 2023, it has been ranked as the world's second most prolific scientific research center in earth and environmental sciences and the world's third most prolific scientific research center in chemistry, according to the Nature Index.[18][19][20]

Nanjing, one of the nation's most important cities for over a thousand years, is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. It has been one of the world's largest cities, enjoying peace and prosperity despite various wars and disasters.[21][22][23][24] Nanjing served as the capital of Eastern Wu (229–280), one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period; the Eastern Jin and each of the Southern dynasties (Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang and Chen), which successively ruled southern China from 317 to 589; the Southern Tang (937–75), one of the Ten Kingdoms; the Ming dynasty when, for the first time, all of China was ruled from the city (1368–1421);[25] and the Republic of China under the nationalist Kuomintang (1927–37, 1946–49) before its flight to Taiwan by Chiang Kai-Shek during the Chinese Civil War.[26] The city also served as the seat of the rebel Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1853–64) and the Japanese puppet regime of Wang Jingwei (1940–45) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It suffered many notable devastating atrocities in both conflicts, most notably the Nanjing Massacre from late 1937 to early 1938.[27]

Nanjing became the capital city of Jiangsu province in 1952, after serving as a Direct-administered Municipality from 1949 to 1952 following the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It has many important heritage sites, including the Presidential Palace, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Nanjing is famous for human historical landscapes, mountains and waters such as Fuzimiao, Ming Palace, Chaotian Palace, Porcelain Tower, Drum Tower, Stone City, City Wall, Qinhuai River, Xuanwu Lake and Purple Mountain. Key cultural facilities include Nanjing Library, Nanjing Museum and Jiangsu Art Museum.

  1. ^ "Doing Business in China – Survey" 2016年末南京市人口状况报告年末南京市人口状况综述 (in Simplified Chinese). Nanjing Bureau of Statistics. August 4, 2017. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  2. ^ "2021年江苏13市GDP出炉 苏州2.27万亿位居第一". ah.people.com.cn. Archived from the original on January 26, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
  3. ^ Lafraniere, Sharon (June 4, 2011). "A Grass Roots Fight to Save a 'Super Tree'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
  4. ^ "Nanjing". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  5. ^ "Romanization of the Chinese Language". Society for Anglo-Chinese Understanding. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  6. ^ "江苏设区市常住人口前三甲数据出炉: 南京人口增量超苏州-澎湃新闻-The Paper". www.thepaper.cn. Archived from the original on March 10, 2023. Retrieved March 10, 2023.
  7. ^ 南京历史沿革 (in Simplified Chinese). Government of Nanjing. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  8. ^ 薛宏莉 (May 7, 2008). 15个副省级城市中 哈尔滨市房价涨幅排列第五名 [Prices rose in 15 sub-provincial cities, Harbin ranked fifth]. 哈尔滨地产 (in Simplified Chinese). Sohu. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
  9. ^ 中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号. 豆丁网 (in Simplified Chinese). February 19, 1995. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  10. ^ "Home – Women GP – Nanjing". Nanjing2009.fide.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  11. ^ "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  12. ^ "The Global Financial Centres Index 28" (PDF). Long Finance. September 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  13. ^ "全国高等学校名单 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站". www.moe.gov.cn. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved November 1, 2023.
  14. ^ "All 21 Universities in Nanjing | Rankings 2022". UniversityGuru. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  15. ^ CANG, WEI (March 20, 2024). "Nanjing University pioneers AI education system". China Daily. Archived from the original on March 30, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
  16. ^ "2021 tables: Institutions Nature Index". www.natureindex.com. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2022.
  17. ^ "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  18. ^ "It will come as no surprise that the top performing Chinese cities in the Nature Index are Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing. All three are significant players economically and politically, Beijing and Shanghai particularly. ... As the capital of the wealthy eastern coastal province of Jiangsu, Nanjing is located in a region rich in economic and technological activity. ..." – from "Three giants tighten their grip", Nature 528, S176–S178 (December 17, 2015)
  19. ^ "Leading 50 science cities in chemistry | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  20. ^ "Leading 50 science cities in Earth & environmental sciences | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2023. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  21. ^ 走马南京都市圈. 中国经济快讯周刊 (in Chinese (China)). 2003. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2014 – via people.com.cn.
  22. ^ 南京介绍 (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhua News. October 9, 2012. Archived from the original on November 19, 2013.
  23. ^ 江苏省行政区划介绍 (in Simplified Chinese). Jiangsu People's Government. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2014.
  24. ^ Rita Yi Man Li, "A Study on the Impact of Culture, Economic, History and Legal Systems Which Affect the Provisions of Fittings by Residential Developers in Boston, Hong Kong and Nanjing", Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal. 1:3–4. 2009.
  25. ^ Crespigny 2004, 3 [citation not found]
  26. ^ 南京市. 重編囯語辭典修訂本 (in Traditional Chinese). Ministry of Education, ROC. Archived from the original on December 22, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2011. 民國十六年, 國民政府宣言定為首都, 今以臺北市為我國中央政府所在地.
  27. ^ Su, Yiyu (September 18, 2022). ""九一八"事变91周年 南京鸣警钟响警报铭记历史-中新网". www.chinanews.com.cn. Archived from the original on September 29, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.


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